The effects of the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) on ENSO dynamics are studied in a coupled climate model by comparing two simulations, one with an open ITF and the other with a closed ITF. Closing the ITF results in an El Niño–like climate state in the Pacific, which is characterized by weakened trade winds, a flatter equatorial thermocline, and weaker equatorial upwelling. A weakened South Equa...

[1] The Indo-Pacific warm water pool in boreal winter shows a conspicuous gap over the South China Sea (SCS) where sea surface temperature (SST) is considerably lower than over the oceans both to the west and east. The formation mechanisms for the climatology and interannual variability of SCS SST in boreal winter are investigated using a suite of new satellite measurements. The winter SCS is d...

Three-dimensional time dependent numerical simulations of compressible magnetohydrodynamic fluids describing super-Alfvénic, supersonic and strongly magnetized space and laboratory plasmas show a nonlinear relaxation towards a state of near incompressibility. The latter is characterized essentially by a subsonic turbulent Mach number. This transition is mediated dynamically by disparate spectra...

For experimental studies of transition from laminar to turbulent boundary layer flow it is important to know the ambient noise spectrum in the facility. In supersonic wind tunnels this is often assessed by measuring pitot pressure noise. A discussion of such measurements is given, e. g., by Salyer et al. [1], see also Parziale et al. [2]. The question arises as to whether the noise measured by ...

Two rectangular wings of aspect ratio 4 were flutter tested in a supersonic wind tunnel at Mach numbers 1·6 and 2·0 using a technique in which a structural stiffness was varied to give flutter at the Mach number. The results are in reasonable agreement with calculations using theoretical three-dimensional derivatives and arbitrary wing modes, though in general the calculated critical stiffnesse...

The design and implementation of Doppler Global Velocimetry (DGV) for testing in the Langley Unitary Plan Wind Tunnel is presented. The discussion begins by outlining the characteristics of the tunnel and the t e s t e n v i r o nmen t , w i t h p o t e n t i a l p r o b l em a r e a s h i g h l i g h t e d . Modifications to the optical system design to implement solutions for these problems a...

We present the prompt BAT and afterglow XRT data of Swift-discovered GRB 081109A up to ∼ 5 × 10 sec after the trigger, and the early ground-based optical follow-ups. The temporal and spectral indices of the X-ray afterglow emission change remarkably. We interpret this as the GRB jet first traversing the freely expanding supersonic stellar wind of the progenitor with density varying as ρ ∝ r. Th...

Introduction onsidering the remarkable developments in many high technology fields during the past few decades, it is surprising that virtually no change in the speed of commercial air transportation has occurred since the introduction of the Boeing 707 in the late 1950s. Instead, the aging Concorde continues to fly at supersonic speeds for an extremely limited market and all other commercial a...