Recent changes in sanitary policies within the European Union (EU) concerning disposal of carcasses of domestic animals and the increase of non-natural mortality factors, such as illegal poisoning, are threatening European vultures. However, the effects of anthropogenic activities on demographic parameters are poorly studied. Using a long-term study (1994-2011) of the threatened Pyrenean Bearde...

This chapter discusses food intakes, principally of dietary energy, in infants fed in various ways: exclusively from the breast, with breast milk plus supplementary or complementary foods, and by artificial feeding. Changing attitudes toward infant feeding are emphasized, and it is shown that as in many other age groups in industrialized countries, the amounts of food consumed during infancy an...

A cross-sectional survey, FINDIET 2007, was carried out in Finland. Food intake data was collected by a 48 h recall interview. Additional food intake data was collected by a repeated 3 d food diary, a barcode-based product diary, a food frequency questionnaire and by a supplementary questionnaire on rarely eaten foods. The purpose of the present paper is to describe the methodology of the natio...

Several aid groups have proposed strategies for allocating ready-to-use (therapeutic and supplementary) foods to children in developing countries. Analysis is needed to investigate whether there are better alternatives. We use a longitudinal dataset of 5,657 children from Bwamanda to construct a bivariate time-series model that tracks each child's height-for-age z score (HAZ) and weight-for-hei...

BACKGROUND The food industry regulates various aspects of food handler activities, according to legislation and customer expectations. The purpose of this paper is to provide a code of practice which delineates a set of working standards for food handler hygiene, handwashing, use of protective equipment, wearing of jewellery and body piercing. METHODS The code was developed by a working group...

The newborn piglet has a digestive system which is well adapted to a diet of its own dam’s milk, indeed if a sow has a plentiful supply of milk it is very difficult to interest her piglets in any alternative food, certainly for the 1 s t 1-2 weeks of life. Little supplementary food is actually eaten to start with. The piglets sniff the food, nuzzle it and taste it. Food that has been in the pen...