We model long-run electricity supply and demand for the western United States. We evaluate the costs of carbon-reducing and water-conserving scenarios. Carbon-reducing scenarios become cost-effective at carbon prices of $50–70 per ton CO2. Water-conserving scenarios are only cost-effective above $4000/acre-foot of water. Electricity planning is central to climate policy, but much less so to wat...

This paper presents the possibilities of minimizing the energy and water demand in urban areas by introducing technical changes, such as more efficient technology and local supply systems. In order to examine the effects of solutions, Musashino city, Olleof the cities in Tokyo, Japan, is used as a cage study. Urban cities, in which most of human societies exist, have developed drastically durin...

This paper analyzes the absolute convergence of urban electricity productivity in China during 1990–2011, applying Spatial Error Smooth Transition Auto-regression Model, and examines the spatial effect in convergence process. Then it analyzes the stage characteristics of electricity productivity convergence during the process of electricity market reformation and the conditional convergence whi...

1. ABSTRACT This report is focused on new design directions for the Energy Challenge 09, a student competition to conserve water and electricity in dormitories at the Indiana University Bloomington campus. These new design directions emphasize the use of eco-visualizations (EVs). EVs are "any kind of interactive device targeted at revealing energy use in order to promote more sustainable behavi...

Energy poverty is widespread in Small Island Developing States (SIDS) of the Pacific. It is estimated that 70 percent of Pacific islander households do not have access to electricity, which is equivalent to access rates in sub-Saharan Africa and slightly below the average for low income countries. Pacific SIDS face unique challenges in expanding access to electricity, given that their populatio...

ieee power & energy magazine july/august 2013 1540-7977/13/$31.00©2013IEEE A Access to electric energy is An “indispensable element of sustainable human development,” according to the international energy Agency. Without access to modern, commercial energy, poor countries can be trapped in a vicious circle of poverty, social instability, and underdevelopment. About 1.6 billion people—more than ...

Two of the most important technologies for future power systems to reduce greenhouse gas are electric vehicles (EVs) and renewable generation. When EVs become more common, the overall demand of electricity will significantly increase because EVs consume a large amount of electricity. Also, a daily load curve with EVs heavily depends on how much electricity EVs consume and when electricity is co...

Climate solutions – nuclear vs sustainable pathways • Energy efficiency represents an economic bonanza, which will enable a significant share of energy demand to be provided by renewable sources and allowing nuclear power to be phased out. • The biggest single obstacle to improving energy efficiency is that in most countries, utilities are rewarded for selling more energy. We need to reward the...

Due to a growing world population and increasing welfare, energy demand worldwide is increasing. To meet the increasing energy demand in a sustainable way, new technologies are needed. The Plant-Microbial Fuel Cell (P-MFC) is a technology that could produce sustainable bio-electricity and help meeting the increasing energy demand. Power output of the P-MFC, however, needs to be increased to mak...

urban environments rely on the surrounding natural ecosystems remnants as providers of ecosystemfunctions, therefore these areas not only support a unique biodiversity but also have a social value for maintainingpublic health andwellbeing. for this reason, urbanization is considered to be one the biggest threats to ecosystems,leading to native biodiversity simplification and, thus, to a detrime...