In response to movements involving a large part of the visual field, the eyes of vertebrates typically show an optokinetic nystagmus, a response in which both eyes are tightly yoked. Using a comparative approach, this study sets out to establish whether fish with independent spontaneous eye movements show independent optokinetic nystagmus in each eye. Two fish with independent spontaneous eye m...

Abstract Coastal lagoons and other estuarine habitats are increasingly exposed to the negative effects of growing human populations with associated intensifications in nutrient loading, harmful algal blooms, pollution, habitat degradation. We examined population dynamics Gulf pipefish Syngnathus scovelli waters Indian River Lagoon, on Atlantic coast Florida. Substantial declines abundance this ...

Gyrodactylus eyipayipi sp. n. is described from the skin, gills, flute and male brood pouch of captive specimens of the greater pipefish Syngnathus acus L., collected for and maintained at the Two Oceans Aquarium in Cape Town, South Africa. It is the first marine Gyrodactylus species reported from the African continent. The new species is compared to the three known Gyrodactylus species affecti...