System thinking skills are a prerequisite for acting successfully and responsibly in a complex world. However, traditional education largely fails to enhance system thinking skills whereas learner-centered educational methods seem more promising. Several such educational methods are compared with respect to their suitability for improving system thinking. It is proposed that integrated learning...

The paper investigates systems thinking and systems engineering. After a short literature review, the paper presents, as a means for systems thinking, twelve thinking tracks. The tracks can be used as creativity starter, checklist, and as means to investigate effects of design decisions taken early in the process. Tracks include thinking about time, risk and safety, and different types of life-...

Altruism refers to an other-benefiting behavior that is costly but bears no direct profit to oneself. At least three different forms can be distinguished: help giving, altruistic punishment, and moral courage. We investigated the differential impact of two thinking modes, intuitive (System 1) and rational (System 2), on these three altruistic behaviors. Situational (state-related) thinking styl...

BACKGROUND Diagnostic decision-making is made through a combination of Systems 1 (intuition or pattern-recognition) and Systems 2 (analytic) thinking. The purpose of this study was to use the Cognitive Reflection Test (CRT) to evaluate and compare the level of Systems 1 and 2 thinking among medical students in pre-clinical and clinical programs. METHODS The CRT is a three-question test design...

In this paper, we report on our experiences with a generic collaborative creativity support system with the focus on how users accept the system and how it influences their creative thinking abilities. The key idea behind the creativity support system was to facilitate creative thinking of groups by providing them a toolset of different creativity techniques under one single user-interface. A f...

Lateral Thinking is a set of related techniques primarily intended to support creative thinking Lateral Thinking is based on the idea that the Mind is a pattern making and using system The Mind is a Self-Organizing System, not a Passive Recording System The Mind reacts to every input by attempting to fit it into what is already known n This is a good source of Optical Illusions, since it is not...