The introduction of learning technologies into education is making the design of courses and instructional materials an increasingly complex task. Instructional design languages are identified as conceptual tools for achieving more standardized and, at the same time, more creative design solutions, as well as enhancing communication and transparency in the design process. In this article we dis...

Instructional design theories are design theories that offer explicit guidance on how to help people to learn in specific situation. They can be used to guide the design of learning activities and the arrangement of associated resources. These theories are currently expressed in natural language, but they are often given some structure in terms of methods and conditions. Tools supporting theory...

Based on a review of instructional design models, previous papers identified first principles of instruction. These principles prescribe a cycle of instruction consisting of activation, demonstration, application, and integration. These instructional phases are best implemented in the context of real-world tasks. A Pebble-in-the-Pond approach to instructional development prescribes a task-cente...

Design and Validation of an Instructional Design Model for Reflection-Based Learning Environments   E. Azimi, Ph.D.* J. Haatami, Ph.D.** H. FarDaanesh, Ph.D.*** O. Noroozi, Ph.D.****   Reflection on teaching is a known method of learning to teach. Reflection is a form of thinking wherein improvement is sought through self-observation. Recent approaches to teaching practicums have gravi...

Instructional design is a fundamental base for educational technologies as it lays the foundation to facilitate learning and teaching based on pedagogical underpinnings. However, most of the educational technologies today face two core challenges in this context: (i) lack of instructional design as a basis (ii) lack of support for a variety of instructional designs. In order to address these ch...

Today’s instructional designers can choose from a wide variety of authoring and online learning development tools. With the evolution of learning technology, expectations from outside the learning and training discipline are looking to the technology to provide instructional design guidance and allow novice developers to create instructionally sound online learning. This chapter explores the to...

The impact of new technologies in education has brought to the perception that educational Web sites have a more or less standard features in several contexts. Yet, an analysis of the existing literature reveals that the practices of Instructional Design and Hypermedia Design have few if any contact points. We claim that an integration of the two processes – namely learning activities design an...

The premise of this paper is that computer science has much to offer the endeavor of instructional improvement. Software design processes employed in computer science for developing software can be used for planning instruction and should improve instruction in much the same manner that design processes appear to have improved software. Techniques for examining the software development process ...