This research is an attempt to find out how At-Tabari and Ibn Kathir's views on nusyūz. started from the many understandings circulating in community that problem of nusyūz was only shown questioned women (wives). The understanding tends be textual Surah An-Nisa verse 34 often used as excuse commit acts violence against women, both physically psychologically. While reading another verse, namely...

Evapotranspiration is an important parameter to know in the management of agricultural water resources. There are several methods for estimating evapotranspiration (ETo). The FAO Penman-Monteith method considered universal standard ETo, however, climate data needed calculate ETo not always available, so it necessary evaluate performance using equations as a comparison evapotranspiration. This s...

shahnameh and the history of bal’ami are great and important literary works in iranian culture. these two works have many similarities and embody the history of iran from its beginning up to the authors’ time. the researches show that the sources and references that ferdowsi and bal’ami consulted were different. ferdowsi consulted the prose shahnameh of abou mansouri and the oral narratives; wh...

Tafsir Nur al-Ihsan is the earliest Malay-language tafsir book that was printed in 1934. This written by Hj. Muhammad Sa’d bin ’Umar (d. 1932 AD) presented interpretation of Surah al-Fatihah as an introduction to common with content other books interpretation. The still general and requires a study see if it contains facts faith appropriate be practiced within framework Ahl al-Sunnah wa al-Jama...

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BACKGROUND Melancholia is a kind of depression with the most common symptoms of evident mental disorder, slimness, lack of enjoyment, feeling guilty and having no appetite. In modern medicine, the word "melancholia" only refers to mental and affective symptoms of depression. However, historically, it could have physical symptoms as well as mental symptoms and the atrabilious situations were cat...

in his book quranic studies, wansbrough presents two criteria of style and function for typification of old commentatorial texts before al-tabari. recognizing twelve commentatorial devices and borrowing some expressions from jewish commentatorial works, he divides old quranic commentaries into five categories of parabolic, juristic, textual, rhetorical, and analogical. based on literary analysi...

based on writing of tabari as well as other historical researches, mihr narseh, prime minister of bahram v (421-439 ad) founded a number of buildings in the province of ardashir khorrah. among public utility buildings, he built four fire temples in four villages in baryn plains of the same province. the current paper tries to find the exact locations of those temples based on references availab...

the concept of the quran miraculousness had undergone several stages before getting to its pinnacle in the fourth century. in the first stage – which took place during the first and second centuries – it cab be witnessed that the lecturers and scholars of the era have confessed their incompetence to compete with the quran, and the scholars and exegetes have left untouched the miracle-related is...