many experimental studies have been conducted on development of the scour hole as a result of vertical jet impaction. research has shown that aeration of the nappe flow in the model is much weaker than that in the prototype. therefore, the influence of aeration on scour holes needs further study. experimental investigation of the effects of air entrainment and tail water depth on the scour hole...

The elongated tails adorning many male birds have traditionally been thought to degrade flight performance by increasing body drag. However, aerodynamic interactions between the body and tail can be substantial in some contexts, and a short tail may actually reduce rather than increase overall drag. To test how tail length affects flight performance, we manipulated the tails of Anna's hummingbi...

To study the assembly of gap junctions, connexin--green-fluorescent-protein (Cx--GFP) chimeras were expressed in COS-7 and HeLa cells. Cx26-- and Cx32--GFP were targeted to gap junctions where they formed functional channels that transferred Lucifer Yellow. A series of Cx32--GFP chimeras, truncated from the C-terminal cytoplasmic tail, were studied to identify amino acid sequences governing tar...

Listeria monocytogenes and some other infectious bacteria polymerize their host cell's actin into tails that propel the bacteria through the cytoplasm. Here we show that reconstitution of this behavior in simpler media resolves two aspects of the mechanism of force transduction. First, since dilute reconstitution media have no cytoskeleton, we consider what keeps the tail from being pushed back...

1. Recent studies in Scotland suggest that the outermost tail feathers of Barn Swallows ( Hirundo rustica Linnaeus) may be around 10–12 mm longer than the aerodynamic optimum, with sexual selection for long tails accounting for this extra length. 2. To test this hypothesis, we shortened the outermost tail feathers in male and female Barn Swallows in southern Spain by cutting 1, 11 or 21 mm from...

Development of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) which meets the design constraints and provides the best hydrodynamic performance is really an important challenge in the field of hydrodynamics. In this paper a new profile is used for designing the hull of AUVs. The nose and tail profiles of an AUV using presented profile is designed such that it can properly consider the length constraints...

In this paper, we study the tail behavior of the stationary queue length of an M/G/1 retrial queue. We show that the subexponential tail of the stationary queue length of an M/G/1 retrial queue is determined by that of the corresponding M/G/1 queue, and hence the stationary queue length in an M/G/1 retrial queue is subexponential if the stationary queue length in the corresponding M/G/1 queue i...

The biogenesis of connexins and their assembly into functional gap junction hemichannels (connexons) was studied with the use of a cell-free transcription/translation system. Velocity sedimentation on sucrose gradients showed that a small proportion of connexin (Cx) 26 and Cx32 that were co-translationally translocated into microsomes were oligomers of Cx26 and Cx32. Chemical cross-linking stud...