Introduction There is approximately 35 million acres of tall fescue in the USA, with most of this acreage being utilized in hay meadows and grazed pastures in a region between the temperate northeast and subtropical southeast and commonly referred to as the Fescue Belt. Popularity of the grass is due to its productivity, persistence, and low cost of management. Unfortunately, a fungal endophyte...

ABSTRACT Neotyphodium coenophialum, an endophytic fungus associated with tall fescue grass, enhances host fitness and imparts pest resistance. This symbiotum is implicated in the reduction of stresses, including plant-parasitic nematodes. To substantiate this implication, toxicological effects of root extracts, polyphenolic fraction, ergot, and loline alkaloids from endophyte-infected tall fesc...

a few information about the combined effects of different environmental stress on turfgrass physiology and growth is available. also, a separate study of environmental factors on plant cannot be a suitable model for natural conditions. this study was conducted to investigate the interactive effects of different levels of shade (0, 50, and 70%) and water treatments (well-watered and non-irrigate...

Summer dormancy is an evolutionary response that some perennial cool-season grasses adopted as an avoidance strategy to escape summer drought and heat. It is correlated with superior survival after severe summer droughts in many perennial grass species originating from Mediterranean environments. Understanding the genetic mechanism and environmental determinants of summer dormancy is important ...

The possibility of supplementing livestock diets with an aluminosilicate to protect them from fescue toxicosis was investigated. An in vitro study showed that hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate (HSCAS) removed greater than 90% of the ergotamine from aqueous solutions at pH 7.8 or lower, indicating a high affinity of ergotamine for HSCAS in vitro. Rats fed diets containing tall fescue seed ...

Fescue toxicosis in livestock is due to ingestion of endophyte (Acremonium coenophialum) -infected tall fescue. Understanding mechanisms responsible for decreased calving and growth rates, delayed onset of puberty, and impaired function of corpora lutea in heifers at puberty consuming endophyte-infected fescue is an emerging field in reproductive toxicology. The condition decreases overall prod...

of N. coenophialum mycelial proteins was first proposed by Gwinn et al. (1991) using polyclonal antiserum proA reliable, efficient, and accurate detection method for presence duced in rabbits. This technique worked equally well of the endophytic fungus Neotyphodium coenophialum (MorganJones and Gams) Glenn, Bacon, and Hanlin comb. nov. in tall fescue with either seed or plant tissue but seed an...

There is an increase in awareness of the benefits of grass hay from an agronomic and nutritional perspective. The main cool season forage grass species adaptable to California are annual ryegrass, Italian ryegrass, perennial ryegrass, orchard grass and tall fescue. The main characteristics of these species along with attributes of different varieties are highlighted in this paper. The agronomic...

abstract in order to evaluate chemical control of bermudagrass (cynodon dactylon (l.) pers.) on mixture turf: (lolium perenne 20%,poa pratensis.20%,festuca arundinacea 20% and festuca rubra commutata 40%), an experiment was conducted during 2006 in tehran, using randomized complete block design with 4 replications and 11 treatments. treatments were diclpfop methyl at 900 and 1080 g a.i. ha-1, f...

Invasive species may owe some of their success in competing and co-existing with native species to microbial symbioses they are capable of forming. Tall fescue is a cool-season, non-native, invasive grass capable of co-existing with native warm-season grasses in North American grasslands that frequently experience fire, drought, and cold winters, conditions to which the native species should be...