background: in order to deliver the precise dose to the target in radiotherapy, absorbed dose to water at the reference point should be assessed. when the calibration procedure is performed for a reference dosimeter in the 60co beam of a secondary standard dosimetry laboratory (ssdl), the total uncertainty in absorbed dose to water (dw) is estimated to be approximately 1.5%. this study attempts...

In clinical therapy trials using high dosages of systemically administered radioactivity to treat cancer, myeloablation may occur. This is either an effect of the circulating radioactivity labeled to antibodies exposing the bone marrow to radiation, or it may occur because malignant cells in the bone marrow are targeted. Bone marrow cells may be targeted through antigens expressed on cells in t...

To the Editor, Microdosimetry is perhaps the most useful tool for intercomparing the different types of radiation that are used in radiotherapy; the relative effects of different radiations are controlled by the different initial energy deposition patterns in cellular targets—the subject matter of microdosimetry. It is therefore appropriate that many authors have measured microdosimetric spectr...

Combined modality therapy emerged from preclinical data showing that carefully chosen drugs could enhance the sensitivity of tumor cells to radiation while having nonoverlapping toxicities. Recent advances in molecular biology involving the identification of cellular receptors, enzymes, and pathways involved in tumor growth and immortality have resulted in the development of biologically target...

Introduction: Theranostics, in particular, the use of radionuclides with the capability of simultaneous imaging and treatment has opened new horizons in personalized treatment planning of targeted radiation therapy. In this approach, positive beta or gamma emitters are required for imaging and alpha, beta and Auger electrons for treatment purpose. On the other hand, studies hav...

Metastatic tumors involving the brain are an important complication in the overall management of non-small cell lung cancers. Surgery and radiation remain the cornerstones of the therapy, however, the burgeoning knowledge of tumor biology has facilitated the entry of systemically administered therapies into the clinic. This review mainly summarizes the current applications of these data to surg...