The last decade has seen an increasing number of studies developing bacteria and other cell-integrated biohybrid microsystems. However, the highly stochastic motion of these microsystems severely limits their potential use. Here, we present a method that exploits the pH sensing of flagellated bacteria to realize robust drift control of multi-bacteria propelled microrobots. Under three specifica...

Cell migration directed by spatial cues, or taxis, is a primary mechanism for orchestrating concerted and collective cell movements during development, wound repair, and immune responses. Compared with the classic example of amoeboid chemotaxis, in which fast-moving cells such as neutrophils are directed by gradients of soluble factors, directed migration of slow-moving mesenchymal cells such a...

Enterobacter cloacae IFO3320 is attracted to Pi when cells are starved for Pi. Two Tn1737KH-induced mutants, which were constitutive for alkaline phosphatase, failed to exhibit Pi taxis even under conditions of Pi limitation. Both of the mutant strains exhibited normal chemotactic responses to peptone, suggesting that they are specifically defective in Pi taxis. Cloning and sequence analysis sh...

Категориальная примарно-таксисная семантика контактной разновременности актуализируется в высказываниях с монотаксисными предлогами темпоральной семантики bis, seit, с, tot, sinds, sedert немецком, русском и нидерландском языках. Актуализация примарного таксиса детерминирована семантики, выступающими качестве маркеров или экспликаторов контактного следования предшествования. Примарно-таксисную ...

The Supplementary Movies that accompany this study were omitted from the original version of this Article.

Large number of taxicabs in major metropolitan cities are now equipped with a GPS device. Since taxis are on the road nearly twenty four hours a day (with drivers changing shifts), they can now act as reliable sensors to monitor the behavior of traffic. In this paper we use GPS data from taxis to monitor the emergence of unexpected behavior in the Beijing metropolitan area. We adapt likelihood ...

Halliday’s Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) has stood the test of time as a model of text analysis. The present literature contains a plethora of studies that while taking the ‘clause’ as a unit of analysis have put into investigation the metafunctions in research articles of a single field of study or those of various fields in comparison. Although ‘clause complex’ is another unit of SF a...

Fraud occurs when there is an incentive and the opportunity to commit fraud and the fraudster can rationalize his behavior. Academic literature in financial economics has investigated incentives and opportunities to commit fraud but has largely ignored the fraudsters’ ability to rationalize fraud. We address this gap by positing that economic actors, whose earnings are restricted by regulations...

To analyze thermal responses of Caenorhabditis elegans in detail, distribution of a worm population and movement of individual worms were examined on a linear, reproducible and broad temperature gradient. Assay methods were improved compared with those reported previously to ensure good motility and dispersion of worms. Well-fed, wild-type worms distributed over a wide temperature range of up t...

The categorical semantics of the primary taxis distant nonsimultaneity is actualized in statements with prepositions temporal vor and nach. term «primary non-simultaneity» should be understood as taxis-chronological precedence following. Primary non-simultaneity presence temporal-aspectual quantifiers statements, acting delimitators explicators non-simultaneity.