This paper provides a review of fertility research in advanced societies, societies in which birth control is the default option. The central aim is to provide a comprehensive review that summarizes how contemporary research has explained ongoing and expected fertility changes across time and space (i.e., cross- and within-country heterogeneity). A secondary aim is to provide an analytical synt...

This paper examines the family policy reforms of 2007 in Russia that were aimed explicitly at encouraging second and higher-order births, analyses their impact on fertility. The existing empirical findings about population interventions transition economies are inconclusive, while most common argument states policies based material incentives insufficient to significantly raise real fertility a...

Albania’s demographic changes have sparked considerable interest in recent years. Much of this attention has arisen due to a general lack of knowledge and unexpected demographic behaviour of the Albanian populations. The country has experienced a high level of life expectancy and relatively high levels of fertility in the recent years. While previous research gives some answers to developing tr...

Education and economic activity are two of the main determinants of women's status. They are also commonly considered as two of the main determinants of fertility decline and demographic transition. Iran has experienced a remarkably rapid fertility decline over the past decade. The decline has surprised many observers both because of its size and tempo and the fact that it started almost immedi...

This article analyses the recent period changes in fertility in industrialized countries from the point of view of the varying degrees of fertility postponement at younger ages and subsequent partial recuperation at later ages. It does so through both period and cohort indicators. The outcome is that current period total fertility rates (PTFRs) are largely diverging because of differential recu...

The spectroscopic properties of the 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) radicalderivatives of the fullerene (C60) were theoretically investigated. The ground state optimizedstructures of the radical adducts of the fullerene were calculated by using DFT (B3LYP) with 6-31G(d) level. It was concluded that a 6-6 ring junction of C60 moiety generally covalently links to thepiperidine ring ...