This paper addresses the problem of robust filtering in color images. We propose to improve the bilateral filter by using Ordered Weighted Averaging (OWA) filters. Bilateral filter decreases amount of noise preserving edges when filtering. But the results could be strongly affected by the presence of outliers. In this paper, we define the filtering in the framework of fuzzy logic. If the filter...

When the transmittance of a filter on a bicolored background is varied, the lightness differences that vary are those between the filter and the background and that between the parts inside the filter. It is hypothesized that these are the differences of importance for the valuation of the apparent density of the transparent layer. The results of two experiments seem to show that the rated appa...

Recent studies suggested that fMRI voxel patterns can convey information represented in columnar-scale neuronal population codes, even when spatial resolution is insufficient to directly image the patterns of columnar selectivity (Kamitani and Tong, 2005; Haynes and Rees, 2005). Sensitivity to subvoxel-scale pattern information, or "fMRI hyperacuity," would greatly enhance the power of fMRI whe...

Averaging networks suppress the random mismatch between the comparators in flash A/D converters (ADCs), but an analytical understanding does not exist, nor a method for optimal design. This paper unifies various forms of offset averaging and derives the optimum by treating the averaging network as a spatial filter. At the optimum, the offsets in terms of LSB are minimized with almost no loss in...

The interest in turbulence shallow waters, such as the Azov Sea, is caused by fact that places of its existence there an intensive transfer amount motion and heat, spread passive impurities, suspended particles. These processes significantly affect formation spatial structure physical, chemical biological fields reservoirs their temporal changes. Depending on smoothing scale series initial read...

Optimal or unbiased estimators are widely used for state estimation and tracking. We propose a new minimum variance unbiased (MVU) finite impulse response (FIR) filter which minimizes the estimation error variance in the unbiased FIR (UFIR) filter. The relationship between the filter gains of the MVU FIR, UFIR and optimal FIR (OFIR) filters is found analytically. Simulations provided using a po...

Introduction: The accuracy of analyzing Functional MRI (fMRI) data is usually decreases in the presence of noise and artifact sources. A common solution in for analyzing fMRI data having high noise is to use suitable preprocessing methods with the aim of data denoising. Some effects of preprocessing methods on the parametric methods such as general linear model (GLM) have previously been evalua...

In a stochastic environment, two distinct processes, namely nonlinear averaging and non-equilibrium dynamics, influence fitness. We develop methods for decomposing the effects of temporal variation in demography into contributions from nonlinear averaging and non-equilibrium dynamics. We illustrate the approach using Carlina vulgaris, a monocarpic species in which recruitment, growth and surviv...