Conventionally, the questions on a test are assumed to be kept secret from test takers until the test. However, for tests that are taken on a large scale, particularly asynchronously, this is very hard to achieve. For example, example TOEFL iBT and driver’s license test questions are easily found online. This also appears likely to become an issue for Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs). In thi...

Substantial progress has been made toward applying technology enhanced conversation-based assessments (CBAs) to measure the English-language proficiency of English learners (ELs). CBAs are systems that use conversations among computer-animated agents and a test taker. We expanded design capability prior instructional assessment developed CBA designed language skills mathematics knowledge middle...

Purpose This paper examines the role of government procurement as a social policy mechanism within multilateral open trading system. Government regulations globally are being transformed to foster more responsible business conduct in multinational enterprises (MNEs). Yet, concern that sustainability may present discriminatory barrier trade has stalled progress sustainable public (SPP) at intern...

An adaptive testing method is presented that controls the speededness of the test using updated predictions of the response times of the test taker on the candidate items in the pool. Two different types of updates were investigated: (1) posterior predictions given the actual response times on the items already administered and (2) posterior predictions that use the responses on these items as ...

In organizational and educational practices, sensitivity reviews are commonly advocated techniques for reducing test bias and enhancing fairness. In the present paper, results from two studies are reported which investigate how effective individuals are at detecting problematic test content and the influence such content has on important testing outcomes. In Study 1, signal detection analyses a...

In the current study, the audiotapes from three hostage-taking situations were analyzed. Hostage negotiator requests to the hostage taker were characterized as either high or low probability. The results suggested that hostage-taker compliance to a hostage negotiator's low-probability request was more likely when a series of complied-with high-probability requests preceded the low-probability r...

abstract successful presence of indian and pakistani rice in iran’s market due to having similar quality with the domestic rice, extensive advertisement, and good packaging has faced rice production in iran with a big challenge. assuming that the attractions of iranian consumers toward these imported rice varieties are a signal of changes in the preferences of the domestic consumers in favor of...

In this paper, we took the sociotechnical theoretical lens to identify the human and the technology factors that affect the accuracy of the Active Medication List (AML). We conducted a survey of nurses, physicians, and pharmacists in three hospitals. The preliminary results suggest both human factors list taker and list source have significant effects on AML. Regarding the two information techn...