Vaccination effectiveness is proven when the disease does not develop after a patient is exposed to the pathogen. In the case of rare diseases, vaccination effectiveness is assessed by monitoring specific antibody levels in the population. Such recurrent analyses allow the evaluation of vaccination programs. The primary schedule of diphtheria and tetanus vaccinations is similar in various count...

BACKGROUND While immunization is one of the most effective and successful public health interventions, there are still up to 30,000 deaths in major developed economies each year due to vaccine-preventable diseases, almost all in adults. In the UK, despite comparatively high vaccination rates among ≥65 s (73%) and, to a lesser extent, at-risk ≤65 s (52%) in 2013/2014, over 10,000 excess deaths w...

BACKGROUND Agricultural Workers are both more exposed to tetanus and at higher risk to be inadequately immunized than other usual recipients of the same vaccine. STUDY DESIGN Our cross-sectional questionnaire-based study aimed to evaluate tetanus vaccination status, knowledge, attitudes and practices in Agricultural Workers in North-Eastern Italy. METHODS Bivariate and multivariate logistic...

Tetanus is now so rare in the United States that few physicians encounter a case in the course of their careers. The 96% reduction in the incidence of reported tetanus cases and elimination of neonatal tetanus since the late 1940s can be attributed to the effectiveness of widespread vaccination with tetanus toxoid–containing vaccines, as well as improved wound care and delivery practices.1 Desp...

BACKGROUND Most trauma patients visit the hospital via the emergency department. They are at high risk for tetanus infection because many trauma patients are wounded. Tetanus immunity in the Korean population has been revealed to be decreased in age groups over 20 years old. It is important for emergency physicians to vaccinate patients with the tetanus booster in wound management. METHODS Qu...

Vaccinations are recommended throughout life to prevent vaccine-preventable diseases and their sequelae. Adult vaccination coverage, however, remains low for most routinely recommended vaccines and well below Healthy People 2020 targets. In October 2012, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) approved the adult immunization schedule for 2013. Apart from influenza vaccination, w...

OBJECTIVE Loss of immunity to previous vaccination and timing of re-vaccination in children receiving chemotherapy remains controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate the immunity to vaccine preventable diseases in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). PROCEDURE Sixty-one patients with ALL and 13 healthy siblings were enrolled. Three study groups included newly diagnos...

Purpose - to study the state of protection against vaccine-controlled infections in children with primary immunodeficiency (PID) and on immunosuppressive therapy. Materials methods. The object was level intensity humoral immunity viral (measles, rubella) bacterial (diphtheria, tetanus) immunosuppressed patients. Protective levels specific IgG antibodies vaccine antigens were determined 58 20 re...