This Living Reviews article evaluates the most important strains of social science research on the impact of the European Court of Justice (ECJ) on integration, EU-level policymaking, and national legal orders. Section 2 defines the concepts of judicialization and governance, and discusses how they are related. As the article demonstrates, the “constitutionalization of the EU,” and its effect o...

The United Kingdom, in common with other western jurisdictions, has in recent years sought to develop more effective ways of responding to drug related crime. Although the link between drug use and crime is complex, it is recognised that much acquisitive crime in the UK occurs through the need for individuals with drug problems to obtain the financial resources necessary to maintain a regular s...

The vast majority of cases that are submitted to the Court Justice European Union (the Court) through preliminary reference procedure is contained in Article 267 TFEU come from lower instance national courts and tribunals EU Member States. As a result, it not always appellate courts, or higher tribunals, such as final appeal, which make orders for reference. Judicial dialogue between this notab...

This paper has been prepared under a contractual agreement between the Wisconsin Department of Health and Social Services and the Institute for Research on Poverty. Any views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the sponsoring institutions. The authors thank Dan Meyer and Pat Brown for their assistance. Abstract This report examines the use of child supp...

Women entering the court system face a challenging experience, in part, because a courtroom can be an intimidating and difficult place for any person, and in part because women victimized by crimes in which the offender is known to them face distinctive difficulties when they seek the court's remedies. The interface is also made more challenging for women as the literature offers disparate find...

The international legal order, although pluralist in structure, is in the process of being constitutionalized. This article supports this claim in several different ways. In the Part L I argue that most accepted understandings of "constitution" would readily apply to at least some international regimes. In Part II, I discuss different notions of "constitutional pluralism," and demonstrate that ...

Introduction This article critically assesses the development of judicial involvement in offender management drawing both on international literature and on experiences of courts in the UK that have adopted „problem-solving‟ approaches that aim to enhance the „therapeutic‟ potential of court processes. Engaging offenders and encouraging their compliance with community supervision are key probat...

The Children Act 1989 gave priority to the welfare of children when family courts make orders for residence and contact. As a consequence, other issues came to be viewed as less significant. In this article, we examine the court records of three County Courts to determine to what extent the disputes that parents bring to court are actually about children (seen as legitimate concerns) as opposed...

It has been argued that the effects of the desegregation of public schools from the late 1960s onward were limited and short-lived, in part because of white flight from desegregating districts and in part because legal decisions in the 1990s released many districts from court orders. Data presented here for 1970-2000 show that small increases in segregation between districts were outweighed by ...

So many problems are present in setting up an international criminal court consistent with the current international legal, moral, and political orders, that one must at least admire the intensity and dedication of those involved in the effort. It is tempting to conclude that the current international orders are simply not consistent with the pattern of a world government that is implied in the...