Background: Judgment of a criminal policy Resolving criminal cases in various ways and manifestations, outside the scope of official repressive measures, is a strategy of contracting criminal law derived from civil law, and its main root is in ethics and morality. In society, and given that the prosecution of a criminal case is not the main purpose of criminal law; Rather, prosecution is seen a...

the criminal matters is one of the important achievements of modern human right. the mentioned concept is also the initiative of european court of human rights and one of the important elements of the implementation of article 6 of the european convention on human rights. one of the main results of recognizing this concept is the fact that administrative and disciplinary violations that may not...

the decision of court and public prosecution in criminal matter has a absolute res judicats. the main conditions of res judicats (cause, object and person unity) become mooted in criminal law again, but criminal law is differ from civil law in this matter. in civil law, res judicats consider according to general conditions but criminal law can not consider upon those conditions. many cases, spe...

the doctor-patient relationship (dpr) is a complex concept in the medical sociology in which patients voluntarily approach a doctor and thus become a part of a contract in which they tends to abide with the doctor’s guidance. globally, the dpr has changed drastically over the years owing to the commercialization and privatization of the health sector. furthermore, the dynamics of the dpr has sh...

decriminalization limits and narrows the sphere of criminal law through two methods: to eliminate the criminal description of special behavior (a) and to remain or not remain it in the public jurisdiction of other formal control mechanisms (b). if it is left in the public jurisdiction, it requires non-criminal sanctions. therefore, decriminalization is a process that at least, has got two outlo...

In recent European animal welfare statutes, human actions injurious to animals are new "offences" articulated as an injury to societal norms in addition to property damage. A crime is foremost a violation of a community moral standard. Violating a societal norm puts society out of balance and justice is served when that balance is returned. Criminal law normally requires the presence of mens re...