literature review indicates that systemic agricultural human resource development (hrd) interventions are rarely carried out in developing countries, and limited knowledge exists about how successful they have been. a comparative study was carried out to investigate the effectiveness of three multi-project hrd interventions including extension plans, adaptation plans and diffusion-push plans in...

cities need good, participatory and effective policies and plans for development. urban development plans such as comprehensive plan are the most important tool for implementation of policies and plans. the effective implementation of city development plan requires high level documents such as spatial planning; good macro development plans policies, efficient urban management and public partici...

Since late 2019, the COVID-19 biological disaster has informed us once again that, essentially, learning from best practices past experiences is envisaged as top strategy to develop management (DM) resilience. Particularly in Indonesia, however, DM activities are challenging, since we have not experienced such a disaster, implying that related knowledge available. The existing written down duri...