Water that pressurizes the base of glaciers and ice sheets enhances glacier velocities and modulates glacial erosion. Predicting ice flow and erosion therefore requires knowledge of subglacial channel evolution, which remains observationally limited. Here we demonstrate that detailed analysis of seismic ground motion caused by subglacial water flow at Mendenhall Glacier (Alaska) allows for cont...

Laboratory measurements of rock strength provide limiting values of lithospheric stress, provided that one effective principal stress is known. Fracture strengths are too variable to be useful; however, rocks at shallow depth are probably fractured so that frictional strength may apply. A single linear friction law, termed Byedee's law, holds for all materials except clays, to pressures of more...

The pleural space separating the lung and chest wall of mammals contains a small amount of liquid that lubricates the pleural surfaces during breathing. Recent studies have pointed to a conceptual understanding of the pleural space that is different from the one advocated some 30 years ago in this journal. The fundamental concept is that pleural surface pressure, the result of the opposing reco...

The effect of overpressure on gas hydrate and free gas distribution in marine sediments is studied using a one-dimensional numerical model that couples sedimentation, fluid flow, and gas hydrate formation. Natural gas hydrate systems are often characterized by high sedimentation rates and/or low permeability sediments, which can lead to pore pressure higher than hydrostatic (overpressure). To q...

Conventionally, patellar tendon-bearing (PTB) sockets, which need high dexterity of prosthetist, are widely used. Lack of chartered and experienced prosthetist has often led to painful experience of wearing prosthesis and this will in turn deter the patients to wear the prosthesis, which will further aggravate stump shrinkage. Thus, the hydrostatic socket which demands relatively lower level of...

The effect of increased hydrostatic pressure in the peritubular vessels on net sodium reabsorption from the proximal tubule was examined in the Necturus. An increase in the pressure gradient of 2.0 cm H(2)O across the wall of the proximal tubule, produced by ligation of the postcaval vein was associated with a marked reduction in net reabsorption and an increased back flux of water and electrol...

Internal waves occur at a variety of temporal and spatial scales and are mechanisms by which momentum, energy, nutrients and biota are transported in lakes, estuaries and coastal oceans. In stratified systems, accurate prediction of water quality effects requires modeling internal wave evolution and propagation. Lake, estuary, and coastal ocean models typically apply the hydrostatic approximati...

This paper reports on the development of a microfluidic platform to study mass transport behaviour of blood cells at micro-scale stenosis where local strain-rate micro-gradients trigger platelet aggregation. We present the design, fabrication and blood testing of a microfluidic device that incorporates symmetric or asymmetric flow focusing using a single pressure driver to study the hemodynamic...

I read with interest the article “Proton Chemical Shift Imaging in Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus” by Kizu et al (1), but I wish to point out some alternative interpretations to those offered by the authors of this article and the associated editorial (2). The findings presented show elevated lactate levels in the lateral ventricles of the patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) but no...