objectives: the aim of this study was to assess and compare the characteristics of commonly used initial archwires by their load deflection graphs. materials and methods : this study tested three wire designs namely copper nickel titanium (cnt), nickel titanium (niti), and multi-strand niti (msnt) archwires engaged in passive self-ligating (psl) brackets, active self-ligating (asl) brackets or ...

We present a Fortran program to compute the distribution of dipole moments of free particles for use in analyzing molecular beams experiments that measure moments by deflection in an inhomogeneous field. The theory is the same for magnetic and electric dipole moments, and is based on a thermal ensemble of classical particles that are free to rotate and that have moment vectors aligned along a p...

The effect of the temperature variation on a unimorph piezoelectric cantilever is studied. Its influences on the thermal expansion, the piezoelectric constant, the transient part and the creep are experimentally analyzed. Afterwards, a H∞ controller is synthesized in order to reject the thermal disturbance and to reach performances required in micromanipulation. Finally, the closed-loop experim...

In this paper, the effect of thermomechanical loading on the behavior of deflection-based harvested energies from a shape memory polymer system is experimentally investigated. Samples are created with honeycomb cells from poly-lactic acid using additive manufacturing techniques. The shape memory effect in shape recovery and force recovery paths are studied under thermomechanical tests in bendin...

Advancements in Sugar include 1) parameterizable netlists, 2) nonlinear frequency response analysis, 3) subnets, 4) improved MNA, 5) reduced order modeling, and 6) a more accurate nonlinear beam model. Examples of these features include the simulation of a two-axis mirror with over 10,000 degrees of freedom, the reduced order modeling applied of an electrostatic gap actuator, the parameterized ...

In automotive dry clutch systems the cushion spring plays an important role in terms of gradually torque transmitted during the engagement phase. In fact, it strongly influences the clutch torque transmission from engine to driveline through its non-linear loaddeflection curve. Therefore, to improve the gearshift performance in automated manual transmission is fundamental the knowledge of the c...

A new atomic force microscope (AFM) that operates in ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) is described. The sample is held fixed with spring clamps while the AMF cantilever and deflection sensor are scanned above it. Thus, the sample is easily coupled to a liquid nitrogen cooled thermal reservoir which allows AFM operation from ≈ 100 K to room temperature. AFM operation above room temperature is also possibl...

The first detector prototypes for the ITER bolometer diagnostic featuring a 12.5 μm thick Pt-absorber have been realized and characterized in laboratory tests. The results show linear dependencies of the calibration parameters and are in line with measurements of prototypes with thinner absorbers. However, thermal cycling tests up to 450 °C of the prototypes with thick absorbers demonstrated th...