nowadays, energy plays an important role in the economic and community development of country. consequently, performance analysis of energy systems is one of the effective methods being used to prevent waste of energy resources. among the different power generation technologies, steam power plants make a significant contribution to power generation in iran, with a share of 47 % of electricity g...

The spectral resolution of a MEMS-based IR microspectrometer critically depends on the thermal cross-talk between adjacent TE elements in the detector array. Thermal isolation between elements is realized by using bulk micromachining directly following CMOS processing. This paper reports on the characterization results of bridge-shaped TE detector elements that are cut out of a membrane. Elemen...

cement production is an energy-intensive process, so that the cement industry occupies a top position among other energy-consuming industries. among the equipment used in cement industries, boilers are one of the energy-consuming equipment. boilers are among the common heating equipment in industrial, commercial, and institutional facilities. in this paper, the performance of thermal oil boiler...

in this study, farm level technical efficiency (te) and its determinants were investigated. a stochastic cobb-douglas (cd) production frontier was used to provide estimates of input-oriented te for a sample of 100 rain fed farms in two palestinian governorates. empirical findings showed that the estimated te of the farms in the pooled sample ranged from 35.7 to 95.6%, with a mean value of 72.2%...

Global warming is intensifying interest in the physiological consequences of temperature change in ectotherms, but we still have a relatively poor understanding of the effects of temperature on early life stages. This study determined how embryonic temperature (TE) affects development and the activity of metabolic enzymes in the swimming muscle of zebrafish. Embryos developed successfully to ha...

In this study, we analyze the role of the thermoelectric (TE) properties, namely Seebeck coefficient α, thermal conductivity κ and electrical resistivity ρ, of three different materials in a composite thermoelectric generator (CTEG) under different configurations. The CTEG is composed of three thermoelectric modules (TEMs): (1) two TEMs thermally and electrically connected in series (SC); (2) t...

The aim of this paper is to use the concept of the metafrontier function to study the determination of efficiency differentials and Technological Gap Ratio (TGR) on wheat production in Khorasan Razavi province. In this study, we used the metafrontier function and group frontier based on the concept of Stochastic Nonparametric Envelopment of Data analysis (StoNED). The data used in this stud...

in this paper, wavelet collocation method has been used to solve nonlinear fin problem with temperature dependent thermal conductivity and heat transfer coefficient. thermal conductivity of fin materials varies any type so that we consider thermal conductivity as the general function of temperature.  here we consider three particular cases, where we assume that thermal conductivity is constant,...

Thermoelectric modules experience performance reduction and mechanical failure due to thermomechanical stresses induced by thermal cycling. The present study subjects a thermoelectric module to thermal cycling and evaluates the evolution of its thermoelectric performance through measurements of the thermoelectric figure of merit, ZT, and its individual components. The Seebeck coefficient and th...