The general thermodynamic analysis of the quantum vacuum, which is based on our knowledge of the vacua in condensed-matter systems, is consistent with the Einstein earlier view on the cosmological constant. In the equilibrium Universes the value of the cosmological constant is regulated by matter. In the empty Universe, the vacuum energy is exactly zero, λ = 0. The huge contribution of the zero...

a binding study of nickel ions by a new recombinant human growth hormone (hgh), produced as an injected drug, has been done at 27˚c in nacl solution (50 mm) using an isothermal titration calorimetry. there is a set of three identical and non-interacting binding sites for nickel ions. the intrinsic dissociation equilibrium constant and the molar enthalpy of binding are 40 μm and -16.5 kj/mol, re...

The study of time has a long history and is still ongoing. term formulated by Isaac Newton was coined in the 17th century, so naturally it could not relate to thermodynamics. Since passage aging are inalienable components human experience, Newton's concept alive. W.G. Leibniz I. Kant mainly questioned absoluteness time. This paper introduces definition justifies thesis that thermodynamic proces...

Adsorption processes often include three important components: kinetics, isotherm, and thermodynamics. In the study of solid–liquid adsorption, “standard” thermodynamic equilibrium constant K Eq o ; dimensionless) pla...

The interaction of p-sulphonatocalix [6] arene towards L-arginine and L-lysine has been studied inacidic aqueous solution (p1-1 2) using UV-Vis spectrophotometric titration technique. The psulphonatocalix[6] arene was found to be able to form 1:1 complexe with amino acids in water.The values of the association constant were determined at different temperatures to evaluate thethermodynamic funct...

Using the mixed solvents, (water +ethanol + propanol), the solubility of CdF2 was determined byevaporating method at 25° C. The results showed that the sollbility, s, of CdF2 decreases bydecreasing the dielectric constant of the mixed solvent .Once the solubility of CdF2 was determined,the concentration solubility product, Ksp(c)=4s3, was calculated .Furthermore ,by estimating the meanactivity ...

The temperature dependence of the magnetic susceptibility of the ferric hemeoctapeptide from cytochrome c was measured in the presence and absence of fluoride ion to study the fluoride binding equilibrium of the hemeoctapeptide. The shift in the 1H NMR signal of sodium 4,4-dimethyl-4-silapentanesulfonate caused by the hemeoctapeptide was measured from -11 to 80 degrees C in a D2O/ethylene glyco...

The absorption of sulphur dioxide in chloride and bromide containing electrolyte solutions was measured up to ionic strengths of 5 mol/dm. The thermodynamic equilibrium of the gas phase and the liquid phase was characterized by UV spectroscopy. UV spectra analysis gave strong evidence for SO2X complexes existing in the solutions. Consequently, these compounds were implemented in the reaction sc...

We present a review of recent work on the statistical mechanics of non equilibrium processes based on the analysis of large deviations properties of microscopic systems. Stochastic lattice gases are non trivial models of such phenomena and can be studied rigorously providing a source of challenging mathematical problems. In this way, some principles of wide validity have been obtained leading t...