double layer zno/sno2 thin film resistive gas sensors were fabricated by successive pvd of those oxides onto porcelain substrates. the metallic contacts were provided by electron beam evaporation of platinum onto substrates prior to deposition of the gas sensitive layers. deposits were thermally annealed at different temperatures. it was shown that the activation energy of electrical conduction...

By introducing a thin ZnO layer as an optical spacer, we have demonstrated that inserting this layer between an active layer and a reflective electrode results in a re-distribution of the optical electric field inside bulk heterojunction solar cells. A theoretical analysis by optical modeling showed that the thin ZnO layer could shift the position of the maximum of the electric field into the a...

Microchannel plate (MCP) as a key part is a kind of electron multiplied device applied in many scientific fields. Oxide thin films such as zinc oxide doped with aluminum oxide (ZnO:Al2O3) as conductive layer and pure aluminum oxide (Al2O3) as secondary electron emission (SEE) layer were prepared in the pores of MCP via atomic layer deposition (ALD) which is a method that can precisely control t...

Interfacial topological states are a key element of interest for topological insulator thin films, and their properties can depend sensitively on the atomic bonding configuration. We employ in situ nonresonant and resonant surface x-ray scattering to study the interfacial and internal structure of a prototypical topological film system: Bi2Te3 grown on Si(111). The results reveal a Te-dominated...

The primary cilium which is an organelle in nearly every cell in the vertebrate body extends out of the cell surface like an antenna and is known as cell sensor of mechanical and chemical stimuli. In previous numerical simulations, researchers modeled this organelle as a cantilevered beam attached to the cell surface. In the present study, however, we present a novel model that accommodates for...

where Q*i is the cross section per atom for ionization of the selected subshell of the i element, taking into account both direct ionization by the electrons of energy E and the effect of indirect ionizations at that subshell caused by the Coster-Kronig transitions. N, ρ, t and N are Avogadro's number, the density and thickness of a very thin tracer layer made of the i element and the number of...

In this paper, a new three dimensional brick finite element based on the strain approach is presented with the purpose of identifying the most effective to analyze linear thick and thin plate bending problems. The developed element which has the three essential external degrees of freedom (U, V and W) at each of the eight corner nodes, is used with a modified elasticity matrix in order to satis...

Background: Hydatid disease is characterized by long-term growth of hydatid cysts in the human. The glycan antigens have an important role in the immunology of hydatid cyst. In this study immunological reaction of host sera to different glycan antigens of the cyst, has been investigated. Methods: The antibody responses were tested to glycoprotein and glycolipid of the laminated layer (LL), c...

In this work, the effect of presence of the sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP), as an inorganic salt, on improving the performance of polyamide (PA) thin layer membranes has been studied. Characterization analyses confirmed the presence of the salt on the whole surface structure of the thin layer. Different salt loadings resulted in different fluxes and Cu (II) rejections. The thin layer containing...