This Special Issue of BioSystems is devoted to clarifying the concept, and to showing how it’s being used in various examples of empirical research. Given the obscurity that still attends the concept, however, we shouldn’t expect to find that all the ’clarifications’ are equivalent--or even mutually consistent. Similarly, we shouldn’t expect to find that the notion is applied identically in all...

objective: previous studies have shown that menopausal women are more likely to experience depression. however, there are few studies that investigated the cognitive mechanism that may have a role in developing depression in menopausal women. thus, the present study aimed to investigate the mediating role of life satisfaction in the relation between subjective evaluation of stressors and depres...

INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................... 351 HUMAN SUBJECT RESEARCH UNFETTERED ........................................... 353 DISCRIMINATION – TELLING RIGHT FROM WRONG ............................... 355 DON’T BLAME THE MACHINE ................................................................ 358 FRAGMENTATION OF PUBLIC DISCOURSE...........

evidence occupies a paramount position in any logical endeavor and research article is consensually considered a predominant site of such an endeavor. one interesting area of rhetoric which addresses the source and reliability of evidence is quality metadiscourse. in this qualitative study, quality metadiscourse strategies (i.e., evidentials, hedges, boosters and disclaimers) are examined to in...

in ancient times, nomad tribes of the north caucasus, passing through caucasian natural gates, most importantly among them, darial and derbent, plundered wealthy southern regions. during of reign of khosrow anushirvan, the sasanian king built strong fortresses along these passages, and caucasian nomadic tribes of the north caucasus could no longer pass through these two passages to invade south...