A combined theoretical and experimental study of the effect of microhydration on ionization energies (IEs) of thymine is presented. The experimental IEs are derived from photoionization efficiency curves recorded using tunable synchrotron VUV radiation. The onsets of the PIE curves are 8.85 +/- 0.05, 8.60 +/- 0.05, 8.55 +/- 0.05, and 8.40 +/- 0.05 eV for thymine, thymine mono-, di-, and trihydr...

The specific reaction of potassium permanganate with thymine in single-stranded DNA was employed to analyze thymine [2+2] dimer repair in DNA and in DNA/peptide nucleic acid hybrid duplexes. This simple and highly sensitive chemical assay is convenient for monitoring repair of thymine dimers in oligonucleotides.

It was observed that 10% of urine culture isolates of enterococci tested for antimicrobial susceptibility failed to grow on commercially prepared Mueller-Hinton agar with low levels of thymidine and thymine. All strains could utilize exogenous thymidine and thymine and required only low levels (0.4-microgram disk) to support growth. All thymidine-thymine-requiring strains were resistant to trim...

The Hunter (1) procedure was originally developed for the calorimetric d&&ion of minute amounts of thymine. In this procedure thymine is coupled under air with p-diazobenzenesulfonic acid in carbonate solut.ion, and a red color is subsequently produced by the addition of sodium hydroxide and hydroxylamine. Thymine was determined by this means in hydrolysates of dcsoxypentose nucleic acids (DNA)...

Thymine is the only nucleotide base which is changed to uracil upon transcription, leaving mRNA less hydrophobic compared to its DNA counterpart. All the 16 codons that contain uracil (or thymine in gene) as the second nucleotide code for the five large hydrophobic residues (LHRs), namely phenylalanine,v isoleucine, leucine, methionine and valine. Thymine content (i.e. the fraction of XTX codon...

Several thymineless Escherichia coli strains have been examined for their ability to replicate their deoxyribonucleic acid when bromouracil is substituted for thymine. The procedure we describe was used to identify a thymineless strain with characteristics relatively favorable to its use in bromouracil labeling experiments. In addition, mutants with an "absolute" thymine requirement could be ea...

Graphene-enhanced Raman scattering (GERS) spectra and coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) of thymine molecules adsorbed on a single-layer graphene were studied. The enhancement factor was shown to depend on the molecular groups of thymine. In the GERS spectra of thymine, the main bands are shifted with respect to those for molecules adsorbed on a glass surface, indicating charge transf...