The homeobox 11L2 gene (HOX11L2, TLX-3, Rnx) encodes a transcription factor and constitutes together with the HOX11 (TLX) and HOX11L1 (TLX-1, Enx) genes a distinct family of orphan homeobox genes (Kennedy et al., 1991; Roberts et al., 1994; Shirasawa et al., 1997, 2000). In the chick and mouse embryo HOX11L2 is expressed within cranial sensory ganglia, neural crest-derived dorsal root and sympa...

The sensitivity of tapping task to mental workload was investigated. Thirteen subjects were asked to produce 3 s intervals continuously while performing a time sharing task. The time sharing task was designed to manipulate a demand to allocate an attentional resource to one target and a demand to switch the target to which an attentional resource was mainly allocated. Results showed that produc...

Neuroblastoma (NB) is one of the most commonly diagnosed extracranial tumors in children below five years of age. Moreover, NB accounts for almost 12-15% of all childhood cancer related fatalities. To date, the origin of NB has been linked to the neural crest derived sympathoadrenal progenitor cells. Progression and pathogenicity of the disease has been largely correlated with the ages of child...

The objective of this paper is to consider several categories of biomarkers of human pregnancy. The design of the report is to discuss useful and promising markers and techniques. Research gaps, needs, and priorities are also defined. Useful markers are mixed lymphocyte culture reactions, measures of lymphocytotoxic antibodies, histocompatibility (HLA) typing, and immunohematological evaluation...

BACKGROUND Mental workload has emerged as one of the most important occupational risk factors present in most psychological and physical diseases caused by work. In view of the lack of specific tools to assess mental workload, the objective of this research was to assess the construct validity and reliability of a new questionnaire for mental workload assessment (CarMen-Q). METHOD The sample ...

In the developing brain, neurons expressing VEGF-A and blood vessels grow in close apposition, but many of the molecular pathways regulating neuronal VEGF-A and neurovascular system development remain to be deciphered. Here, we show that miR-9 links neurogenesis and angiogenesis through the formation of neurons expressing VEGF-A. We found that miR-9 directly targets the transcription factors TL...

Behavioral performance, subjective assessment based on NASA Task Load Index (NASA-TLX), as well as physiological measures indexed by electrocardiograph (ECG), event-related potential (ERP), and eye tracking data were used to assess the mental workload (MW) related to flight tasks. Flight simulation tasks were carried out by 12 healthy participants under different MW conditions. The MW condition...

Neurogenesis persists in the adult brain and can be regulated by a plethora of external stimuli, such as learning, memory, exercise, environment and stress. Although newly generated neurons are able to migrate and preferentially incorporate into the neural network, how these cells are molecularly regulated and whether they are required for any normal brain function are unresolved questions. The...