Caffeine is a widespread environmental substance, and testing for caffeine is now highly sensitive. Currently, many authorities in North America are not concerned about plasma caffeine concentrations of 100 ng/ml, equivalent to 300 ng/ml in urine. This is because such low caffeine concentrations are likely to be associated with environmental exposure to caffeine and are also unlikely to be asso...

Abstract The isothermal crystallization of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) was evaluated using a range models, namely, Avrami, simplified Hillier, Tobin, Malkin, Urbanovici–Segal, Velisaris–Seferis, and Hay. Two methods model evaluation were used: determination the parameters through traditional double log plots curve fitting via nonlinear, multivariable regression. Visual inspecti...

sition of data: Becker. Analysis and interpretation of data: Becker, Tobin, and Fiellin. Drafting of the manuscript: Becker and Fiellin. Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: Becker, Tobin, and Fiellin. Statistical analysis: Becker. Administrative, technical, and material support: Becker. Study supervision: Fiellin. Financial Disclosure: Dr Fiellin serves on an...

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