Animal Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have evolved through a pattern of duplication and divergence. Whereas mammalian TLRs directly recognize microbial ligands, Drosophila Tolls bind endogenous ligands downstream of both developmental and immune signaling cascades. Here, we find that most Toll genes in Drosophila evolve slowly with little gene turnover (gains/losses), consistent with their importan...

This research paper describes the automated toll collection system for tollgate based on SMART card technology. Most of the toll collection system is in manual transaction. Nowadays, there is a huge rush in toll plaza in order to pay the toll tax. It results in traffic jam, fuel waste and time waste. The objective of this paper is to transform manual transaction to automated toll collection sys...

The collection of vehicular tolls at Port Authority tunnels and bridges is one of the most important operations conducted by the police personnel. More than 250 traffic officers are utilized, and the payroll costs exceed a million dollars annually. In staffing its toll plazas the Port Authority attempts to handle traffic with a minimum number of toll collectors consistent with uniformly good se...

The Toll signaling pathway, first discovered in Drosophila, has a well-established role in immune responses in insects as well as in mammals. In Drosophila, the Toll-dependent induction of antimicrobial peptide production has been intensely studied as a model for innate immune responses in general. Besides this humoral immune response, Toll signaling is also known to activate blood cells in a r...

Electronic toll collection (ETC) system has been a common trend used for toll collection on toll road nowadays. The implementation of electronic toll collection allows vehicles to travel at low or full speed during the toll payment, which help to avoid the traffic delay at toll road. One of the major components of an electronic toll collection is the automatic vehicle detection and classificati...

OBJECTIVES Lung contusion is a major risk factor for the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome. We set to determine the role of toll-like receptor 3 and the binding of double-stranded RNA in the pathogenesis of sterile injury following lung contusion. DESIGN Toll-like receptor 3 expression was analyzed in postmortem lung samples from patients with lung contusion. Unilateral lung ...

The Toll-like receptor family mediates the innate immune system through recognizing the molecular patterns of microorganisms and self-components and leading the synthesis of the inflammatory mediators. We retrospectively examined whether or not genetic variations in toll-like receptor 1 (rs5743551, -7202GQ>A), toll-like receptor 2 (rs7656411, 22215G>T), and toll-like receptor 4 (rs11536889, +37...

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