Cells respond to three main categories of physicochemical cues: chemical, topographical, and mechanical. While surface chemistry and topography have been studied extensively, substrate mechanics has only recently been appreciated. Recent technologies of creating surfaces with well-defined chemistry and topography combined with sensitive surface characterization techniques have unquestionably de...

Accurate knowledge of Antarctica’s topography, bedrock, and ice sheet thickness is pivotal for climate change and geoscience research. Building on recent significant progress made in satellite gravity mapping with European Space Agency’s Gravity field and Ocean Circulation Explorer (GOCE) mission, we here reverse the widely used approach of validating satellite gravity with topography and inste...