Conduction of an action potential along skeletal muscle fibers was graphically displayed by unidimensional latency-topography, UDLT. Since the slopes of the equipotential line were linear and the width of the line was constant, it was possible to calculate conduction velocity from the slope. To determine conduction direction of the muscle action potential elicited by electric stimulation applie...

Many modern hydrological models require data inputs provided by automated digital terrain analysis functions incorporated into GIS. These inputs include Ž elds representing surface  ow directions, up-slope contributing areas, and sub-catchment partitions. Existing raster-based terrain analysis tools, including both those in oŒ-the-shelf GIS packages and those in the recent literature, were des...

[1] This paper examines the effect of hyetograph shape on the potential for landsliding in soil-mantled landscapes. An existing pore pressure response model (Iverson, 2000) is used to study the effects of unsteady rainfall infiltration in hillslopes, and the effect of slope and convergent topography is expressed using a steady state model of slope-parallel subsurface flow. Slope stability is as...

[1] Using a stereo pair of HiRISE images of a pole‐facing crater slope at 38°S, 218°E, we measure topographic profiles along nine gullies. Typical slopes of the interior channel region (above the depositional apron) are ∼20°. We test the hypothesis that sediment transport on gully slopes occurs via fluvial transport processes by developing a numerical sediment transport model based on steep flu...

The contribution of surface asperities to AES emission yields is discussed in terms of topography analysis. The methods allowing the distribution of heights, slopes, curvatures and other angular functions to be determined are presented here.

The 3-D complex topography effect on the surface solar radiative budget over the Tibetan Plateau is investigated by means of a parameterization approach on the basis of “exact” 3-D Monte Carlo photon tracing simulations, which use 90 m topography data as building blocks. Using a demonstrative grid size of 10×10 km, we show that differences in downward surface solar fluxes for a clear sky withou...

[1] High Asian glacial landscapes have large variations in topographic relief and the size and steepness of snow accumulation areas. Associated differences in glacial cover and dynamics allow a first‐order determination of the dominant processes shaping these landscapes. Here we provide a regional synthesis of the topography and flow characteristics of 287 glaciers across High Asia using digita...

[1] This work quantifies and explains the direct physical effects of slope angle on infiltration and runoff generation by extending the Green-Ampt equation onto sloping surfaces. A new extended solution using identical precipitation hydrographs was compared to the original formulation and then used to calculate the infiltration and runoff generation for different slope angles but for identical ...

The major topographic features of the martian polar layered deposits include the conspicuous spiral troughs, subtle undulations, broad reentrants (chasma), steep, arcuate scarps, and dune fields. A prominent role for eolian processes in the formation of all of these features is proposed. Strong katabatic winds occur on the north polar cap, producing widespread frost streaks. These cold drainage...

The distribution of desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizii) spans a wide range of biotic and abiotic conditions in the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico, with physical and behavioral differences distinguishing tortoises inhabiting the Mojave Desert from those inhabiting the Sonoran Desert. Relative to tortoise populations in the Mojave Desert, populations in the Sonoran Desert ha...