BEFORE EXPLAINING why we disagree with the views expressed in the two preceding comments, we summarize briefly the purpose and main features of the method described in Bongaarts and Feeney (1998). Our study set out to address a well-known flaw in the total fertility rate, the most widely used measure of period fertility. The TFR is affected by changes in the timing of childbearing. In years whe...

Although fertility rates are falling in many countries, Europe is the continent with the lowest. As men and women choose to have fewer children, total fertility rates in Europe have fallen below replacement levels: for a total fertility rate of 1.5, the rate is around 1.7 children per woman for the cohorts born in 1965. This is due to individual decisions arising from the instability of modern ...

Fertility is being determined by the actual bearing of children and or the demand for children. It is a measure of rate at which population increases to itself by relating number of births to size of some selection of population such as number of married couples or number of women of child bearing age [1-3]. Fertility is high in Bangladesh even by the principles of developing countries. The red...

Analysis of the 1993 National Demographic Survey in the Philippines has uncovered regional variations in fertility-related behavior. The total fertility rate ranged from 2.8 in Manila to 5.9 in Bicol and averaged 4.1 for the entire country, but contraceptive prevalence rates were not highly correlated with total fertility (Manila showed the fifth highest prevalence, and Bicol the fifth lowest)...

Fertility is being determined by the actual bearing of children and or the demand for children. It is a measure of rate at which population increases to itself by relating number of births to size of some selection of population such as number of married couples or number of women of child bearing age [1-3]. Fertility is high in Bangladesh even by the principles of developing countries. The red...

Indirect estimation methodologies of the total fertility rate (TFR) have a long history within demography and have provided important techniques applied demographers can use when data is sparse or lacking. However new methodologies for approximating the total fertility rate have not been proposed in nearly 30 years. This study presents a novel method for indirectly approximating the total ferti...

background: the dependency ratio (dr) is defined as the ratio of the non-working population to the economically active population. dependency ratio is calculated by the sum of population under fifteen years and over 65 years divided by 15-64 year old population. the interpretation of dr variation gives us the impact of health care services and some reproductive interventions. this study analyze...