In this paper we present a Markov chain model for GP and variable-length GAs with homologous crossover: a set of GP operators where the offspring are created preserving the position of the genetic material taken from the parents. We obtain this result by using the core of Vose’s model for GAs in conjunction with a specialisation of recent GP schema theory for such operators. The model is then s...

One of the factors which affects the gas lift performance is specific gravity of a lift gas (or the Molecular weight), which can influence the gas solubility in oil and has a direct effect on the gas lift performance. There are some previous researches which have included the lift gas specific gravity in their modeling, but in none of them, a comprehensive research about the effect of lift gas ...

the aim of the current study was to evaluate the replacement effect of soybean meal (sbm) at different levels (0 as d1, 33 as d2, 67 as d3 and 100% as d4 based on crude protein (cp) content) by guar meal (gm) on ruminal gas production kinetics, ruminal digestibility and fermentation characteristics of a fattening diet for lambs. three experiments were conducted. the first experiment of 144-h in...

The delivery method of [continuous (CONT) vs. every other day or intermittent (INT)] a glucogenic precursor (GP) which was contained glycerin (500 g/kg), mono-propylene glycol (250 g/kg), calcium propionate (150 g/kg), niacin (1 g/kg) and sulfate-Co (350 mg/kg) on performance, selected blood metabolites and liver enzymes were evaluated. Twenty-four multiparous Holstein fresh cows were ...

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect different percentages alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) hay (AH) and doses guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) in diet on mitigation greenhouse gas production, vitro rumen fermentation profile methane (CH4) conversion efficiency. AH were defined for diets beef dairy cattle, as well under grazing conditions (10 (AH10), 25 (AH25) 100% (AH100)), while GAA 0...

Highly digestible forages are associated with an in vitro low-methane (CH 4 ) rumen fermentation profile and thus the possibility of reducing CH emissions from forage-based systems. We aimed to assess ruminal profile, including production, top stratum Kikuyu grass ( Cenchrus clandestinus - Hochst. ex Chiov harvested at different sward heights (10, 15, 20, 25, 30 cm). Herbage samples (incubating...

Truck and shovel operations comprise approximately 60% of the total operating costs in open pit mines. In order to increase productivity and reduce the cost of mining operations, it is essential to manage the equipment used with high efficiency. In this work, the chance-constrained goal programing (CCGP) model presented by Michalakopoulos and Panagiotou is developed to determine an optimal truc...

The objective of the present experiment was to quantify the gas production parameters, methane emission and microbial nitrogen production of a conventional total mixed ration including corn silage, alfalfa hay, wheat straw and concentrate (390, 110, 22 and 478 g/kg of diet DM, respectively) treated with different levels of Natuzyme® and pre-incubation time after enzyme administration. Two hundr...

Proper allocation and distribution of lift gas is necessary for maximizing total oil production from a eld with gas lifted oil wells. When the supply of the lift gas is limited, the total available gas should be optimally distributed among the oil wells of the eld such that the total production of oil from the eld is maximized. This paper describes a non-linear optimization problem with constra...