the track stiffness experienced by a train will vary along the track. sometimes the stiffness variation may be very large within a short distance. one example is when an unsupported sleeper is hanging in the rail. track stiffness is then, locally at that sleeper, very low. at insulated joints the bending stiffness of the rail has a discontinuity implying a discontinuity also of the track stiffn...

Abstract The Belle II experiment relies on a level-1 trigger system to reduce noise background and preselect events of interest for particle physics. Central Drift Chamber is the main track detector which makes its important online reconstruction. To improve hit efficiency, an extension segment finder low angle tracks proposed. By combining hardware software development flows, automated data-dr...

Uniform approach to selection of PID settings for heading and path tracking controllers that create a cascade control system ship autopilot is presented. Uniformity the design follows from observation each controlled plant looks like an integrator with time constant. In case controller, represented by known Nomoto model. Due elimination constant closed loop systems becomes 2nd order. One assume...