In this paper we defend a new empirical measure for Autonomy Freedom. We also argument that Autonomy Freedom is the most appropriate metric of freedom in socio-economical contexts. Firstly, we explain what Autonomy is, by surveying the related literature. This exercise will show that Autonomy is indeed the most adequate framework to capture the notion of freedom in its full understanding. Then,...

This paper surveys recent evidence suggesting that market-oriented institutions and policies are strongly related to economic growth, focusing on studies using the economic freedom indicator of the Fraser Institute. This index is critically discussed. Also various serious shortcomings of empirical studies using this index are identified. Nevertheless there are strong indications that liberaliza...

in this paper the trade restrictiveness of agricultural policies in iran was measured by the triindex for the nine major agricultural products including wheat, rice, barely, maize, soybean,meat (beef meat), soybean oil, sugar and banana over the period 1981 to 2007. the main resultsindicate that there is no trend in above index and high volatility especially in 2006 and 2007years due to conside...

this paper analyses the impact of sanctions against iran in addition to other country-specific determinants on intra-industry trade between iran and shanghai cooperation organization (sco) countries over the period 1997-2013. by disentangling total intra-industry trade (iit) into horizontal and vertical iit and after investigating bilateral trade pattern between iran and sco countries, determin...

This paper analyzes China’s trade relationships using a new trade intensity index, which incorporates gravity model estimation, to compare observed trade levels with levels would be expected to prevail given the economic, geographic, and cultural characteristics of the trading partners. The index is calculated to study China’s bilateral trade intensity, and uses Japan as a comparative case. Sta...

This paper focuses on two major aspects of globalization: international trade and FDI and their impacts on manufacturing employment in Iran and study whether foreign direct investment and trade expansion with Asian and European partner played any role in shaping the Iranian manufacturing employment structure. This study incorporates globalization (KOF index), trade integration and FDI into a si...

China and ASEAN have been maintaining a relationship both cooperative and competitive in the textile trade. Due to its labor intensive feature and high dependence on foreign trade , the textile trade has received much attention after the 2008 financial crisis. The customs data (classified by the HS code) from year 2006-2009 is employed to research the impact of the crisis on the trade pattern o...