the article includes two discourses: first discourse, discusses about modernity and two of its main foundations; rationalism and humanism, and then explanes their impacts on the formation of the modern world, society and human being. second discourse, considers the postmodern critical approach to modernity and its principles. postmodernism, totally rejects the modern reason and deconstructs all...

Intergenerational gap refers to the disturbance and crisis in the cultural sequence of generations, which leads to conflict in terms of values and norms between parents and children. Until recently, this phenomenon has not been considered a serious issue in Iranian society and the continuation of similar thought patterns through the generations has prevented the emergence of distance and variou...

Engendering a Professional Woman Playwright : Aphra Behn’s Adaptation Strategies ....................................................................Riwako Kaji Ghosts and Money in Great Expectations ..........................................................Takashi Nakamura The Changing Distance between Jude and Sue: Cousinship and Hardy in Jude the Obscure ........................................

Traditional body tattooing is called Godna in Awadh. Body tattooing (Godna) is believed to be the adaptation of a primitive form of art in India. The art of godna is closely related to religion and considered rites of passage in nondwij castes of Awadhi region. This art comprises permanent ornamentation of the body with tattoos made by Godarins or Maharins. The belief says that godna marks are ...