Rice is one of the most important food crops contributing over 39% of the total food grain production in China. Out of 113 million hectares of area sown under food crops 28% is covered by rice. The traditional irrigation regime for rice, termed as “continuous deep flooding irrigation” was applied in China before 1970s. A tremendous amount of water was used for the rice growing and only a low yi...

Water has become increasingly scarce in northwestern China due to climate change, economic growth and burgeoning population. Improving agriculture water use efficiency is of strategic significance in promoting socio-economic water productivity for arid and semi-arid inland river basins. Based on the household-level data collected in Zhangye City, which is located in the middle reaches of Heihe ...

in order to evaluate the possibility and compare different irrigation methods in ricecultivation, an experiment was conducted in factorial based randomized complete blockdesign at rice research institute of iran, mazandaran (amol), during 2011. treatments weredifferent irrigation regimes including alternate wet and drying (awd), semi-dry cultivation(sdc), combining shallow water depth with wett...

in the traditional systems of irrigation and exploitation of water sources, especially the water sources behind dams, there isn't regular and consistent plan for their management and this can be caused the weakness of irrigation performance. in this connection, using both of optimization methods and geospatioal information system (gis) together can improve the performance of irrigation pro...

Background: Dry socket is the most common post-operative complication following extraction of teeth. Various risk factors have been mentioned for this complication including gender, age, amount of trauma during extraction, difficulty of surgery, inappropriate irrigation, infection, smoking, and oral contraceptive use. Traditional treatment of dry socket require frequent visit of patient to the ...

A linear-like discrete-time fuzzy controller was designed to control and stabilize a single-pool irrigation canal. Saint Venant equations for open-channel flow were linearized using the Taylor series and a finite-difference approximation of the original nonlinear partial differential equations. Using the linear optimal control theory, a traditional linear quadratic regulator (LQR) was first dev...

Sustainable water use is seriously compromised in the North China Plain (NCP) due to the huge water requirements of agriculture, the largest use of water resources. An integrated approach which combines the ecosystem model with emergy analysis is presented to determine the optimum quantity of irrigation for sustainable development in irrigated cropping systems. Since the traditional emergy meth...