UNLABELLED Protein splicing in trans by split inteins has become a useful tool for protein engineering in vivo and in vitro. Inteins require Cys, Ser or Thr at the first residue of the C-terminal flanking sequence because a thiol or hydroxyl group in the side chains is a nucleophile indispensable for the trans-esterification step during protein splicing. Newly-identified distinct sequences with...

Biodiesel is a promising alternative to fossil fuels and mainly produced from oils/fat through the (trans)esterification process. To enhance reaction efficiency simplify production process, various catalysts have been introduced for biodiesel synthesis. Recently, use of bio-derived has attracted more interest due their high catalytic activity ecofriendly properties. These include alkali catalys...

In this work we demonstrate one-pot glycidol synthesis, via trans-esterification between glycerol and dimethyl carbonate, by making use of commercially available sodium methoxide as a catalyst. An excellent conversion (99%) remarkable yield (75%) was obtained using carbonate/glycerol (molar ratio 2:1) in the presence 3 wt% catalyst amount (with respect to weight) at 85 °C for reaction time 120 ...

New conversion technologies of used edible oils and waste animal fats into a biofuel appropriate for use in standard diesel engines have been developed, taking into consideration environmental requirements and improvement in the economics of current trans-esterification technologies. The variation in the properties of substrates made from used rape oil after treatment with mixed adsorbents (act...

In this work, kinetics and thermodynamics of esterification reaction were studied. This research investigated the esterification reaction between methanol and acidified oil catalyzed by sulfonated cation exchange resin and proposed a new rate equation for consideration of kinetics of this reaction according to the Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism. Thermodynamics and kinetics parameters were calcu...

Using calcium oxide-based catalyst, optimization of two-stage trans-esterification processes at a fixed catalyst (1.0 wt. %) and molar ratio (1:6) was achieved. Processes were tested on Jatropha, Sweet Almond Sesame seed oils to produce compare biodiesel yields. An solution speed (629.630 rpm), temperature (26.661 oC), time (60 min) resulted in an 83.304% for refined jatropha (RJB) production, ...

Trans fatty acid consumption in the human diet can cause adverse health effects, such as cardiovascular disease, which is associated with higher total cholesterol, a higher low density lipoprotein-cholesterol level and a decreased high density lipoprotein-cholesterol level. The aim of the study was to elucidate the hepatic response to the most abundant trans fatty acid in the human diet, elaidi...

Photoisomerization of 11-cis-retinal to all-trans-retinal and reduction to all-trans-retinol occur in photoreceptor outer segments whereas enzymatic esterification of all-trans-retinol, isomerization to 11-cis-retinol, and oxidation to 11-cis-retinal occur in adjacent cells. The processes are linked into a visual cycle by intercellular diffusion of retinoids. Knowledge of the mechanistic aspect...

In this study, lipid-dense post-hydrolysis spent coffee grounds (PHSCG), containing ~23 wt% lipid, was utilized as feedstock in the production of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) via in-situ (trans)esterification (ISTE). The collected PHSCG were pre-functionalized (~0.86 mmol H+/g dried, lipid-free PHSCG) after sufficient drying wet residues obtained from dilute hydrolysis (DAH) (SCG). Taguchi m...