Density functional calculations of thio effects on the in-line mechanism of methanolysis of ethylene phosphate (a reverse reaction model for RNA phosphate transesterification) are presented. A total of 12 reaction mechanisms are examined using the B3LYP functional with large basis sets, and the effects of solvation were treated using the PCM, CPCM, and SM5 solvation models. Single thio substitu...

Biodiesel production is worthy of continued study and optimization of production procedures due to its environmentally beneficial attributes and its renewable nature. Heterogeneous transesterification is considered to be a green process. The process requires neither catalyst recovery nor aqueous treatment steps and very high yields of methyl esters can be obtained, close to the theoretical valu...

This study is based on optimizing the experimental conditions of biodiesel production by base-catalyzed transesterification using waste cooking oil (WCO). In this study, the key parameters varied were methanol (20, 25, 30, 35, and 40%), sodium hydroxide (0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 0.9 and 1.0g), reaction time (40, 60, 90, 100 and 120 minutes) and reaction temperature (50, 52, 55, 58, and 60 C). Maximum bio...

Currently, most of the biodiesel is produced from the edible/refined type oil using methanol and alkaline catalyst. However, large amount of non-edible type oils and fats are available in our country. In this study, crude neem oil is used as alternative fuel for biodiesel production. The difficulty with alkaline transesterification of these oils have contained large amounts of free fatty acids ...

Experimental estimation of reaction rates is a common aspect engineering because kinetics are the base design chemical reactors. However, it not easy to follow complex reactions as case transesterification triglycerides in presence sodium hydroxide. Identifying possible pathways taking place ionic and sequential, starting with inorganic formation methoxide, followed by each one three organic st...

The Rag1 and Rag2 proteins initiate V(D)J recombination by introducing site-specific DNA double-strand breaks. Cleavage occurs by nicking one DNA strand, followed by a one-step transesterification reaction that forms a DNA hairpin structure. A similar reaction allows Rag transposition, in which the 3'-OH groups produced by Rag cleavage are joined to target DNA. The Rag1 active site DDE triad cl...

We recently used in vitro selection to identify many deoxyribozymes that catalyze DNA phosphodiester bond hydrolysis and create 5'-phosphate and 3'-hydroxyl termini. Alternatively, numerous deoxyribozymes have been identified for catalysis of RNA cleavage by 2'-hydroxyl transesterification, forming 2',3'-cyclic phosphate and 5'-hydroxyl termini. In this study, we investigated the ability of DNA...