To address the problem of iron-deficiency anemia, one of the most prevalent human micronutrient deficiencies globally, iron-biofortified rice was produced using three transgenic approaches: by enhancing iron storage in grains via expression of the iron storage protein ferritin using endosperm-specific promoters, enhancing iron translocation through overproduction of the natural metal chelator n...

Zinc (Zn) is an essential plant micronutrient but is toxic in excess. To cope with excess Zn, plant species possess a strict metal homeostasis mechanism. The Zn hyperaccumulator Arabidopsis halleri has developed various adaptive mechanisms involving uptake, chelation, translocation and sequestration of Zn. In this mini review, we broadly discuss the different Zn tolerance mechanisms and then fo...

Cytogenetic studies were performed on 150 cases of Down's syndrome (DS) in Iran. The standard trisomy 21 was found in 132 (88 % ) and translocation-trisomy 21 (+21) in 18 (12%) patients, i.e., t(21,21) in 1(0.63%) and mosaicism in 17(11.33%) cases. The comparison of the frequencies for mosaicism between different populations such as Denmark, Hungary, Egypt, Iraq, India, Australia and Iran ...

Biofortification (increasing the contents of vitamins and minerals through plant breeding or biotechnology) of food crops with micronutrient elements has the potential to combat widespread micronutrient deficiencies in humans. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) feeds more than half of the world's population and is used as a staple food in many parts of Asia. As in other plants, micronutrient transport in r...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW To examine current evidence for dietary supplementation with zinc and other micronutrients for primary prevention of multiple micronutrient deficiencies that are known to result from therapies used in the treatment of gastrointestinal inflammatory disorders. RECENT FINDINGS Epidemiological observations and clinical findings have strengthened the concept that both nutritional...

OBJECTIVE To examine the immunologic, metabolic, and clinical effects of broad spectrum micronutrient supplementation in HIV-infected patients taking highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). DESIGN A prospective, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. METHODS Forty HIV-infected patients taking a stavudine and/or didanosine-based HAART regimen were prospectively randomize...

Interventions to address micronutrient deficiencies have large potential to reduce the related disease and economic burden. However, the potential risks of excessive micronutrient intakes are often not well determined. During the Global Summit on Food Fortification, 9-11 September 2015, in Arusha, a symposium was organized on micronutrient risk-benefit assessments. Using case studies on folic a...

recent studies have provided evidence that common genetic variations could account for a proportion of leukemia in adult or children. to evaluate the contribution of candidate gene association studies to the understanding of genetic susceptibility to acute lymphoblastic leukemia we conducted a systematic review from published studies. the polymorphisms of genes encoding carcinogen-metabolizing ...

Numerous preclinical studies have suggested that micronutrient status is associated with the progression of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease, but results from observational studies are still controversial. The objective was to systematically review the efficacy of multiple micronutrient supplementation on mortality and morbidity in HIV-infected adults. A comprehensive search of the Pu...