General laws of black-hole dynamics, some of which are analogous to the laws of thermodynamics, have recently been found for a general definition of black hole in terms of a future outer trapping horizon, a hypersurface foliated by marginal surfaces of a certain type. This theory is translated here into spin-coefficient language. Second law: the area form of a future outer trapping horizon is g...

It is shown that the trapping of finite-sized spherical Brownian particles of radius /3R in a system of interpenetrable spherical traps of radius R is isomorphic to the trapping of “point” Brownian particles (p = 0) in a particular system of interpenetrable spherical traps of radius ( 1 + p> R. This isomorphism in conjunction with previous trapping-rate data for fl= 0 is employed to compute the...

Optofluidic transport seeks to exploit the high-intensity electromagnetic energy in waveguiding structures to manipulate nanoscopic matter using radiation pressure and optical trapping forces. In this paper, we present an analysis of optical trapping and transport of sub-100 nm polystyrene and gold nanoparticles in silicon slot waveguides. This study focuses on the effect of particle size, part...

Multidielectric polyethylene is a material that is generally employed as insulation for  the HVDC isolations. In this paper, the influence of temperature on space charge dynamics has been studied, low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and Fluorinated Ethylene Propylene (FEP) sandwiched between two electrodes were subjected to voltage application of 5kV (14.3 kV/mm) for extended duration of time ...

The theory of an atom dipole trap composed of a focused, far red-detuned, trapping laser beam, and a pair of red-detuned, counterpropagating, cooling beams is developed for the simplest realistic multilevel dipole interaction scheme based on a model of a ~315!-level atom. The description of atomic motion in the trap is based on the quantum kinetic equations for the atomic density matrix and the...

The trapping process of charge trapping flash with HfO2 film as the charge capture layer has been investigated by in situ electron energy-loss spectroscopy and in situ energy filter image under external positive bias. The results show that oxygen vacancies can be generated inhomogeneously in HfO2 trapping layer during the program process. The distribution of the oxygen vacancy is not same as th...

The optomechanical coupling between a resonant optical field and a nanoparticle through trapping forces is demonstrated. Resonant optical trapping, when achieved in a hollow photonic crystal cavity is accompanied by cavity backaction effects that result from two mechanisms. First, the effect of the particle on the resonant field is measured as a shift in the cavity eigenfrequency. Second, the e...

In this paper, we propose a new approach to construct a class of check-hybrid generalized low-density parity-check (CHGLDPC) codes which are free of small trapping sets. The approach is based on converting some selected check nodes involving a trapping set into super checks corresponding to a 2-error correcting component code. Specifically, we follow two main purposes to construct the check-hyb...