Peyronie’s disease (PD), which is characterised by fibrous plaque formation in the tunica albuginea of the penis, is associated with pain, erectile dysfunction, and anatomical malformations that negatively affect the quality of life of afflicted men. The optimum medical therapy for PD has not yet been identified. In the last 5 years, commonly used oral medications have been replaced by intrales...

Ever since the introduction of the first disease modifying therapies, the concept of multiple sclerosis treatment algorithms developed ceaselessly. The increasing number of available drugs is paralleled by impelling issue of ensuring the most appropriate treatment to the right patient at the right time. The purpose of this review is to describe novel agents recently approved for multiple sclero...

Thyroid dysfunction is a common condition mainly affecting women, with a male to female ratio of around 1:10. An organ-specific autoimmune response is the underlying cause in the majority and susceptibility to thyroid autoimmunity is believed to be influenced by an interaction between genetic predisposition and environmental factors, in addition to endogenous factors such as age and sex (Vander...

enal replacement therapy for patients with ESRD includes several options, the main categories being renal transplantation, hemodialysis, and peritoneal dialysis. In this chapter hemodialysis (HD) is subdivided into center and home hemodialysis whereas peritoneal dialysis (PD) refers to predominantly continuous ambulatory PD (CAPD) and continuous cycling PD (CCPD) with a small subgroup of other ...

everal modalities are available for the treatment of end-stage renal disease (ESRD), including as main categories renal transplantation, hemodialysis, and peritoneal dialysis. In this chapter hemodialysis (HD) is subdivided into center HD, which is the most common modality, and home HD. Peritoneal dialysis (PD) refers predominantly to continuous ambulatory PD (CAPD) and continuous cycling PD (C...

he main categories available for the treatment of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) include renal transplantation, hemodialysis, and peritoneal dialysis. In this chapter hemodialysis (HD) is subdivided into center HD, which is the most common modality, and home HD. Peritoneal dialysis (PD) refers predominantly to continuous ambulatory PD (CAPD) and continuous cycling PD (CCPD) with a small subgrou...