introduction: bacterial infection of tooth pulp can progress into periapical diseases. root canal treatment has been established as the best treatment. in cases of failure, nonsurgical retreatment of teeth is preferred to surgical procedure and extraction. materials & methods: in this historical cohort study, 104 permanent teeth with apical lesion were treated during 2002-2008. all teeth showed...

background: tuberculosis remains a worldwide public health problem and india accounts for highest tb burden in the world. the aim of the study was to evaluate the trend and treatment outcome of tuberculosis (tb) cases treated under dots strat­egy at a district level in karnataka, india. methods : this was a retrospective record based study conducted in dakshina kannada district of karnataka, du...

Most orthopaedic surgeons are being asked to evaluate the outcome of their practice with very little guidance as to how to accomplish this. Their approach may be simply to conduct short-term audit of perioperative complications regularly, or to implement some form of measuring instrument which can be given to all patients. They may wish to implement an outcome measure but are unable to obtain a...

Background: The measure of Expressed Emotion (EE) has been extensively used for the investigation of family interaction in different clinical populations. However, very few clinical data exist which clarify the nature of the relationship between family EE and eating disorders, as well as the prognostic value of the EE variables.Objective: The purpose of this study is to determine if family EE p...

background bile duct injuries (bdi) during cholecystectomy are now being recognized as major health problems. objectives herein, we present our experience with handling major bdis and report long-term outcome of hepaticojejunostomies followed by trans-jejunal hepatic duct stenting performed to reconstruct extra-hepatic biliary tracts. materials and methods in this case series, we prospectively ...