spatial planning system of a country is the array of its planning systems. getting familiar with spatial planning system of different countries and their experiences could help for comparison and accommodation so that making decision and defining appropriate planning system could be done. this article has studied the spatial planning system of portugal and since there are different factors affe...

this paper presents an application of benders decomposition to deal with the complexities in the simultaneous generation expansion planning (gep) and transmission expansion planning (tep). unlike the power system operation fields of study, the power system planning methods are not expected to be fast. however, it is always preferable to speed up computations to provide more analysis options for...

The treatment couch and some of the positioning devices of patients receiving radiotherapy treatment are made of a material (carbon) which has low attenuation properties for the photon energies used in the radiotherapy. Previous investigations showed the suitability of carbon fiber tabletops in radiotherapy and their very low attenuation properties for a range of X-ray energies and field sizes ...

Introduction: Computerized treatment planning is a rapidly evolving modality that depends on hardware and software efficiency. Despite ICRU recommendations suggesting 5% deviation in dose delivery the overall uncertainty shall be less than 3.5% as suggested by B.J. Minjnheer. J. In house spreadsheets are developed by the medical physicists to cross-verify the dose calculated by the Treatment Pl...

Introduction: GafChromic EBT films are one of the self-developing and modern films commercially available for dosimetric verification of treatment planning systems (TPSs). Their high spatial resolution, low energy dependence and near-tissue equivalence make them suitable for verification of dose distributions in radiation therapy. This study was designed to evaluate the dosimetric parameters of...

Background: Accurate dose calculations in small beamlets and lung material have been a great challenge for most of treatment planning systems (TPS).  In the current study, the dose calculation accuracy of TiGRT TPS was evaluated for small beamlets in water and lung phantom by comparison to Monte Carlo (MC) calculations. Materials and Methods: The head of Siemens Oncor-impression linac...