The traditional four-step model has been widely used in travel demand forecasting by considering trip generation, trip distribution, modal split and traffic assignment sequentially in a fixed order. However, this sequential approach suffers from the inconsistency among the level-of-service and flow values in each step of the procedure. In the last two decades, this problem has been addressed by...

A combination of neural networks and genetic algorithms has been used to design a TRIP assisted steel in which the silicon concentration is kept low. In this context, the steel has a novel microstructure consisting of d ferrite dendrites and a residual phase which at high temperatures is austenite. This austenite can, with appropriate heat treatment, evolve into a mixture of bainitic ferrite an...

One of the key issues for implementing congestion pricing is the pricing granularity (i.e. pricing interval or timescale). The Internet traffic is highly variant and hard to control without a mechanism that operates on very low time-scales, i.e. on the order of round-trip-times (RTTs). However, pricing naturally operates on very large timescales because of human involvement. Moreover, structure...

The effect of Polarisation Mode Dispersion (PMD) on the LO reference signal phase stability and power level has been an ongoing concern, but to date no definitive study of the effect has been made. The logical argument has been made that the effect should be negligible based upon a) the presence of a round-trip phase correction, b) an LO reference that uses only 1.2 nm of optical bandwidth and ...

This study developed models that relate trip lengths to the land-use characteristics at the trip ends (both production and attraction ends). Separate models were developed by trip purpose. The results indicate several statistically significant and intuitively reasonable effects of land-use patterns. High residential densities and a good mix of complementary land uses are associated with shorter...

OBJECTIVES To identify the most common frequency of food-purchasing patterns and relate this pattern to characteristics of individuals and families. DESIGN A customer-intercept survey was conducted in the greater Houston area, Texas, USA, in 2002. The frequency of food shopping at supermarkets, convenience stores and restaurants to buy food for eating at home was assessed. SUBJECTS A total ...

The distribution of the duration of trips in a metropolitan area is an important input to estimating area-wide running loss emissions, operating mode fractions and vehicle miles of travel (VMT) accumulated on local roads in the region. In the current paper, we formulate and implement a methodology for modeling trip durations. The approach develops a log-linear regression model of the duration o...

The several corresponding servers may send the data concurrently in a circle manner to a specific receiver. For example, data center applications such as Map-Reduce and Search applications are using many-to-one TCP traffic pattern i.e. parallel data delivery. While TCP connection is slow down the concurrent data deliver. The data delivery delay ensured the packet loss and time out in the TCP co...