Introduction Holt & Oram (1960) linked various skeletal abnormalities with congenital heart disease in four generations of a family. In particular, malformations of the hands were associated with atrial septal defect (secundum type) and bizarre arrhythmias. In 1961, McKusick described a similar syndrome in a mother and daughter and suggested the term 'atrio-digital dysplasia'. Harris & Osborne ...

This paper details a strategy of discriminating finger Gestures using surface electromyography (EMG) signals, which could be applied to controlling the advanced multi-fingered myoelectric prosthesis for hand amputees. Finger motions discrimination is the key problem in this study. The EMG signal classification system was established based on the surface EMG signals from the subject’s forearm. F...

BACKGROUND Although grip and pinch strength provide a more global measure of a large number of digits and muscles, measuring strength of individual fingers or the thumb can provide additional and more detailed information regarding hand strength. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES We developed growth diagrams for individual finger strength in children. PATIENTS AND METHODS We measured thumb palmar abductio...

Phosphodiester linkages, including those that join the nucleotides of DNA, are highly resistant to spontaneous hydrolysis. The rate of water attack at the phosphorus atom of phosphodiesters is known only as an upper limit, based on the hydrolysis of the dimethyl phosphate anion. That reaction was found to proceed at least 99% by C-O cleavage, at a rate suggesting an upper limit of 10(-15) s(-1)...

Tributyltin and triphenyltin (TBT and TPT) are biocides that have been used to prevent fouling of boats, to preserve wood, kill molluscs, and for other purposes. Due to observed effects on oysters and snails, their use in boat paints has been banned in many nations. However, use on ships and some uses other than as antifouling paints continue. These uses, the relative persistence of these compo...

BACKGROUND Having reviewed the studies on the biphalangeal fifth toe, we have observed a great disparity of data depending on the research center. We have investigated the frequency of biphalangeal toes and also its handedness. We have also analyzed the relationship of pathological deviations of fifth toe with this feature and with the fifth metatarsal. METHODS We performed a descriptive pros...

this case report presents a case of fanconi’s anemia with an unusual thumb polydactyly in a 2-year old boy. the extra thumb had no nail, nail bed and distal phalanx. the extra thumb had no active motion.the duplication of the thumb occurred at the carpometacarpal joint but its morphology did not match with any classification described for thumb polydactyly. although his thumb polydactyly was ap...