BACKGROUND A reduction in the use of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) because of human health concerns may result in an increased use of and human exposure to organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs). Human exposure and health studies of OPFRs are lacking. OBJECTIVES We sought to define the degree of temporal variability in urinary OPFR metabolites in order to inform epidemiologic study...

Analytical method for the determination of six flame retardants (FRs) from two groups was proposed. These groups included the brominated flame retardants (BFRs) 3,3',5,5'-tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), 1,2,5,6,9,10-hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) and tetrabromophthalic anhydride (TBPA) and triester organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) tris(2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate (TBPP), ethylhexyl diphe...

Organophosphate flame retardants (PFRs), used in consumer products since the 1970s, persist in the environment. Restrictions on penta-polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) flame retardants resulted in increased use of Firemaster® 550 (FM® 550), and the organophosphate triesters: tris(1,3- dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCIPP); tris(chloropropyl) phosphate (TCIPP); tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (...

Lithium metal is considered as the most potential anode for next generational high energy density lithium-ion battery. But due to activity, whole manufacturing process of LMA must be protected by inert gas and placed in dry environment, which will increase significant production cost. The security risk also increased once unexpected overheating happens. Therefore, prior practical application LM...

Natural fiber reinforced composites (NFCs) are a promising replacement for conventional wood materials in furniture and households. However, the flammability of natural fibers limits their practical application. The composite matrix structure can be modified to enhance flame resistance. In this study, eco-friendly cost-effective fire-retardants (FRs), micro-integrated Triphenyl Phosphate (m-TPP...

in this paper, the chemical functionalization of carboxylate multi-walled carbon nanotubes by methyl (triphenyl phosphoranylidene) acetate have been investigated. phosphorus ylides are important compound in organic chemistry. at first, methyl (triphenyl phosphoranylidene) acetate, synthesized from salt metod in two steps: the formation of the phosphonium salt and the deprotonation of the latter...

The title compound, [Cu(NO(3))(C(18)H(15)P)(3)]·CH(3)OH, is a methanol solvate derivative of nitratotris(triphenyl-phos-phine)copper(I). The complex crystallizes with three triphenyl-phosphine ligands coordinated to the copper centre, with an O-H⋯O hydrogen bond observed between the nitrate ligand and the methanol solvent mol-ecule. The coordination around the Cu(I) centre is distorted tetrahed...

Plastics are complex mixtures consisting of a polymer and additives with different physico-chemical properties. We developed a broad screening method to elucidate the nature of compounds present in plastics used in electrical/electronic equipment commonly found at homes (e.g., electrical adaptors, computer casings, heaters). The analysis was done by (a) solvent extraction followed by liquid chr...