Recent developments in gas-to-liquid conversion industry lead to reduction in initial investment, and it is expected by growth in demand for refined products in countries and the need to import these products in the countries. Implementing such projects can prevent currency outflow. In this article an integrated structure is developed for producing liquid fuels from natural gas through Fischer-...

An extensive study of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) on alumina-supported cobalt catalysts promoted with different amounts of ruthenium and rhenium is reported. Up to 2 wt% of promoters, are added to the catalyst by coimpregnation. The catalysts are characterized by different methods including: BET physisorption, X-ray diffraction, hydrogen chemisorption, and temperature-programmed reducti...

  In this paper, modeling and optimization of Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis is considered in a fixed-bed catalytic reactor using an industrial Fe-Cu-K catalyst. A one dimensional pseudo-homogenous plug flow model without axial dispersion is developed for converting syngas to heavy hydrocarbons. The effects of temperature, pressure, H2 to CO ratio in feed stream, and CO molar flow on the mass flow r...

This paper proposes a multiobjective, mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) model for the superstructure optimization of hydrocarbon biorefineries via gasification pathway under economic and environmental criteria. The proposed hydrocarbon biorefinery superstructure includes a number of major processing stages, such as drying of the cellulosic biomass feedstocks, air separation unit, gasi...

A holistic hydrocarbon reforming analysis is performed using equilibrium calculations based on Gibbs energy minimization. The feed composition defined the oxygen to carbon atom ratio and hydrogen ratio. coke formation, dioxide yield, synthesis gas mole fraction were investigated determine an operating region for while monoxide ratio, stoichiometric produce optimal compositions downstream proces...