Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) plays an important role in tumor angiogenesis. Although several studies revealed on association of VEGF polymorphisms with gastric cancer, still the results are inconclusive.

In appendiceal cancers, the most frequently mutated genes are (i) KRAS, which, when reactivated, restores signal transduction via RAS–RAF–MEK–ERK signaling pathway and stimulates cell proliferation in early stages of tumor transformation, then angiogenesis; (ii) TP53, whose inactivation leads to inhibition programmed death; (iii) GNAS, links cAMP pathway, stimulating (iv) SMAD4, exhibiting typi...

Objective(s): The goal of this study was assessing the prophylactic effect of exercise and its role as an adjuvant therapy on level of cytokines involved in angiogenesis in estrogen-dependent breast cancer. Materials and Methods: Forty female BALB/c mice were randomly assigned to exercise-tumor-exercise (ETE), exercise-tumor-rest (ETR), rest-tumor-exercise (RTE) and rest-tumor-rest (RTR) groups...

The hypothesis that tumors are angiogenesis dependent has, in the past decade, generated new investigations designed to elucidate the mechanism of angiogenesis itself. Many laboratories are now engaged in this pursuit. Some are studying angiogenesis that occurs in physiological situations, whereas others are interested in angiogenesis that dominates pathological conditions. These efforts have l...