MorphMix is a peer-to-peer circuit-based mix network designed to provide low-latency anonymous communication. MorphMix nodes incrementally construct anonymous communication tunnels based on recommendations from other nodes in the system; this P2P approach allows it to scale to millions of users. However, by allowing unknown peers to aid in tunnel construction, MorphMix is vulnerable to colludin...

Geology is the base for highways and tunnels construction. With the fast development of national highway construction, highway tunnel construction project are more and more complex. The completeness and accuracy are essential for the planning, design and construction of projects, while the ground information is quite poor in systematic, reliable and timely aspects. Therefore, the development of...

A fascinating group of enzymes has been shown to possess multiple active sites connected by intramolecular tunnels for the passage of reactive intermediates from the site of production to the site of utilization. In most of the examples studied to date, the binding of substrates at one active site enhances the formation of a reaction intermediate at an adjacent active site. The most common inte...

The development of fire safety research in road tunnels during the past 20 years is reviewed, with particular reference to the activity of the Flame Research Group at Politecnico di Torino (Italy). Simulations of fire accidents in tunnels are described for both full-scale tests in real tunnels and for laboratory-scale tests. It is shown how simple semiempirical thermo-fluid dynamic models are a...

earthquakes could have catastrophic impacts on tunnels and buried structures. liquefaction phenomenon is one of the most destructive effects of earthquakes. liquefaction results in decreasing effective stress and this consequently leads to decreases in shear strength of the soil. as a result, large deformation in both soil and buried structure occurs. moreover, liquefaction causes soil boiling,...

An important concept in digital geometry for computer imagery is that of tunnel. In this paper we obtain a formula for the number of tunnels as a function of the number of the object vertices, pixels, holes, connected components, and 2 × 2 grid squares. It can be used to test for tunnel-freedom a digital object, in particular a digital curve.

As a result of recent advances in molecular cloning, protein expression, and X-ray crystallography, it has now become feasible to examine complicated protein structures at high resolution. For those enzymes with multiple catalytic sites, a common theme is beginning to emerge; the existence of molecular tunnels that connect one active site with another. The apparent mechanistic advantages render...

UNLABELLED The transport of ligands, ions or solvent molecules into proteins with buried binding sites or through the membrane is enabled by protein tunnels and channels. CAVER Analyst is a software tool for calculation, analysis and real-time visualization of access tunnels and channels in static and dynamic protein structures. It provides an intuitive graphic user interface for setting up the...

The propagation environment of electromagnetic waves in mine tunnels is confined areas. The mine tunnel is regard as wave-guide which contains kinds of un-beneficial medium, the field formulas of different polarization waves were presented based on Marcatili method, and field prediction of horizontal and vertical polarization waves were simulated. The results showed that propagation effect of v...

This memo defines a Management Information Base (MIB) module for use with network management protocols in the Internet community. In particular, it describes managed objects used for managing tunnels of any type over IPv4 and IPv6 networks. Extension MIB modules may be designed for managing protocol-specific objects. Likewise, extension MIB modules may be designed for managing security-specific...