Previous studies have indicated that HLA-DR homozygous cell lines express two Ia alpha and Ia beta chains that combine to form at least two Ia molecules. This report demonstrates by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis the existence of a third structurally distinct human Ia beta chain on DR2 and DR5 cell lines. This suggests that at least five separate genes control the expression of Ia molecule...

Using the two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and two systems for computer analysis of the resulting maps, we obtained a good quantitative reproducibility of individual spots of silver-stained and Coomassie Blue-stained gels from mouse fetus liver samples. The GelScan-XL system was established for the evaluation of silver-stained gels. The Gel-Image software has shown to be capable of the analy...

We have previously identified proteins in fractions of culture filtrate ofMycobacterium tuberculosis with the capacity to induce cytokine production in monocytes, by using a technique we defined as "monocyte Western blotting" (immunoblotting). In this series of experiments, we have extended this technique to two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and have identified a novel 58-kDa protein ofM. tub...

Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DGE) is the leading technique to separate individual proteins in biological samples with many biological and pharmaceutical applications, e.g., drug development. The technique results in an image in which the proteins appear as dark spots on a bright background. The analysis of these images is very time consuming and requires a large amount of manual work. ...

Two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) is a powerful and widely used method for the analysis of complex protein mixtures extracted from cells, tissues, or other biological samples. This technique sort’s protein according to two independent properties in two discrete steps: the first-dimension step, isoelectric focusing (IEF), separates proteins according to their isoelectric points (pI); the se...

stress is a threatening factor that all living organisms encounter throughout life. depending on the type of stress, there are several mechanisms for keeping body homeostasis to minimize stress effects. brain is an organ which shows high sensitivity to stress conditions. although many studies have shown induced-stress effects on rat embryos, little is known about the mechanisms involved in copi...

Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) methods such as two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE; O’Farrell (1975)) and two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE; Ünlü et al. (1997)) are popular techniques for protein separation because they allow researchers to characterize quantitative protein changes on a large scale. Thus, 2-DE is frequently used as an in...